Pt. 36, App.
A
Appendix A to Part 36 --
Standards for Accessible Design
ADA
ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
1.
PURPOSE.
This document sets guidelines for accessibility to
places of public accommodation and commercial facilities by individuals with
disabilities. These guidelines are to be applied during the design,
construction, and alteration of such buildings and facilities to the extent
required by regulations issued by Federal agencies, including the Department
of Justice, under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
The technical specifications 4.2 through 4.35, of
these guidelines are the same as those of the American National Standard
Institute's document A117.1-1980, except as noted in this text by italics.
However, sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.7 and sections 5 through 10 are different
from ANSI A117.1 in their entirety and are printed in standard
type.
The illustrations and text of ANSI A117.1 are
reproduced with permission from the American National Standards Institute.
Copies of the standard may be purchased from the American National Standards
Institute at 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018.
2.
GENERAL.
2.1 Provisions for Adults. The
specifications in these guidelines are based upon adult dimensions and
anthropometrics.
2.2* Equivalent Facilitation. Departures
from particular technical and scoping requirements of this guideline by the
use of other designs and technologies are permitted where the alternative
designs and technologies used will provide substantially equivalent or greater
access to and usability of the facility.
3.
MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS.
3.1 Graphic Conventions. Graphic conventions
are shown in Table 1.
Dimensions that are not marked minimum or maximum are absolute, unless
otherwise indicated in the text or captions.
3.2 Dimensional Tolerances. All dimensions
are subject to conventional building industry tolerances for field
conditions.
3.3 Notes. The text of these guidelines does
not contain notes or footnotes. Additional information, explanations, and
advisory materials are located in the Appendix. Paragraphs marked with an
asterisk have related, nonmandatory material in the Appendix. In the Appendix,
the corresponding paragraph numbers are preceded by an A.
3.4 General Terminology.
comply with. Meet one or more specifications
of these guidelines.
if, if ... then. Denotes a specification
that applies only when the conditions described are present.
may. Denotes an option or
alternative.
shall. Denotes a mandatory specification or
requirement.
should. Denotes an advisory specification or
recommendation.
3.5
Definitions.
Access Aisle. An accessible pedestrian space
between elements, such as parking spaces, seating, and desks, that provides
clearances appropriate for use of the elements.
Accessible. Describes a site, building,
facility, or portion thereof that complies with these
guidelines.
Accessible Element. An element specified by
these guidelines (for example, telephone, controls, and the
like).
Accessible Route. A continuous unobstructed
path connecting all accessible elements and spaces of a building or facility.
Interior accessible routes may include corridors, floors, ramps, elevators,
lifts, and clear floor space at fixtures. Exterior accessible routes may
include parking access aisles, curb ramps, crosswalks at vehicular ways,
walks, ramps, and lifts.
Accessible Space. Space that complies with
these guidelines.
Adaptability. The ability of certain
building spaces and elements, such as kitchen counters, sinks, and grab bars,
to be added or altered so as to accommodate the needs of individuals with or
without disabilities or to accommodate the needs of persons with different
types or degrees of disability.
Addition. An expansion, extension, or
increase in the gross floor area of a building or facility.
Administrative Authority. A governmental
agency that adopts or enforces regulations and guidelines for the design,
construction, or alteration of buildings and facilities.
Alteration. An alteration is a change to a
building or facility made by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public
accommodation or commercial facility, that affects or could affect the
usability of the building or facility or part thereof. Alterations include,
but are not limited to, remodeling, renovation, rehabilitation,
reconstruction, historic restoration, changes or rearrangement of the
structural parts or elements, and changes or rearrangement in the plan
configuration of walls and full-height partitions. Normal maintenance,
reroofing, painting or wallpapering, or changes to mechanical and electrical
systems are not alterations unless they affect the usability of the building
or facility.
Area of Rescue Assistance. An area, which
has direct access to an exit, where people who are unable to use stairs may
remain temporarily in safety to await further instructions or assistance
during emergency evacuation.
Assembly Area. A room or space accommodating
a group of
individuals for recreational, educational,
political, social, or amusement purposes, or for the consumption of food and
drink. Automatic Door. A door equipped with a power-operated mechanism and
controls that open and close the door automatically upon receipt of a
momentary actuating signal. The switch that begins the automatic cycle may be
a photoelectric device, floor mat, or manual switch (see power-assisted
door).
Building. Any structure used and intended
for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
Circulation Path. An exterior or interior
way of passage from one place to another for pedestrians, including, but not
limited to, walks, hallways, courtyards, stairways, and stair
landings.
Clear. Unobstructed.
Clear Floor Space. The minimum unobstructed
floor or ground space required to accommodate a single, stationary wheelchair
and occupant.
Closed Circuit Telephone. A telephone with
dedicated line(s) such as a house phone, courtesy phone or phone that must be
used to gain entrance to a facility.
Common Use. Refers to those interior and
exterior rooms, spaces, or elements that are made available for the use of a
restricted group of people (for example, occupants of a homeless shelter, the
occupants of an office building, or the guests of such
occupants).
Cross Slope. The slope that is perpendicular
to the direction of travel (see running slope).
Curb Ramp. A short ramp cutting through a
curb or built up to it.
Detectable Warning. A standardized surface
feature built in or applied to walking surfaces or other elements to warn
visually impaired people of hazards on a circulation path.
Dwelling Unit. A single unit which provides
a kitchen or food preparation area, in addition to rooms and spaces for
living, bathing, sleeping, and the like. Dwelling units include a single
family home or a townhouse used as a transient group home; an apartment
building used as a shelter; guestrooms in a hotel that provide sleeping
accommodations and food preparation areas; and other similar facilities used
on a transient basis. For purposes of these guidelines, use of the term
"Dwelling Unit" does not imply the unit is used as a residence.
Egress, Means of. A continuous and
unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a building or facility to a
public way. A means of egress comprises vertical and horizontal travel and may
include intervening room spaces, doorways, hallways, corridors, passageways,
balconies, ramps, stairs, enclosures, lobbies, horizontal exits, courts and
yards. An accessible means of egress is one that complies with these
guidelines and does not include stairs, steps, or escalators. Areas of rescue
assistance or evacuation elevators may be included as part of accessible means
of egress.
Element. An architectural or mechanical
component of a building, facility, space, or site, e.g., telephone, curb ramp,
door, drinking fountain, seating, or water closet.
Entrance. Any access point to a building or
portion of a building or facility used for the purpose of entering. An
entrance includes the approach walk, the vertical access leading to the
entrance platform, the entrance platform itself, vestibules if provided, the
entry door(s) or gate(s), and the hardware of the entry door(s) or
gate(s).
Facility. All or any portion of buildings,
structures, site improvements, complexes, equipment, roads, walks,
passageways, parking lots, or other real or personal property located on a
site.
Ground Floor. Any occupiable floor less than
one story above or below grade with direct access to grade. A building or
facility always has at least one ground floor and may have more than one
ground floor as where a split level entrance has been provided or where a
building is built into a hillside.
Mezzanine or Mezzanine Floor. That portion
of a story which is an intermediate floor level placed within the story and
having occupiable space above and below its floor.
Marked Crossing. A crosswalk or other
identified path intended for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicular
way.
Multifamily Dwelling. Any building
containing more than two dwelling units.
Occupiable. A room or enclosed space
designed for human occupancy in which individuals congregate for amusement,
educational or similar purposes, or in which occupants are engaged at labor,
and which is equipped with means of egress, light, and
ventilation.
Operable Part. A part of a piece of
equipment or appliance used to insert or withdraw objects, or to activate,
deactivate, or adjust the equipment or appliance (for example, coin slot,
pushbutton, handle).
Path of Travel. (Reserved).
Power-assisted Door. A door used for human
passage with a mechanism that helps to open the door, or relieves the opening
resistance of a door, upon the activation of a switch or a continued force
applied to the door itself.
Public Use. Describes interior or exterior
rooms or spaces that are made available to the general public. Public use may
be provided at a building or facility that is privately or publicly
owned.
Ramp. A walking surface which has a running
slope greater than 1:20.
Running Slope. The slope that is parallel to
the direction of travel (see cross slope).
Service Entrance. An entrance intended
primarily for delivery of goods or services.
Signage. Displayed verbal, symbolic,
tactile, and pictorial information.
Site. A parcel of land bounded by a property
line or a designated portion of a public right-of-way.
Site Improvement. Landscaping, paving for
pedestrian and vehicular ways, outdoor lighting, recreational facilities, and
the like, added to a site.
Sleeping Accommodations. Rooms in which
people sleep; for example, dormitory and hotel or motel guest rooms or
suites.
Space. A definable area, e.g., room, toilet
room, hall, assembly area, entrance, storage room, alcove, courtyard, or
lobby.
Story. That portion of a building included
between the upper surface of a floor and upper surface of the floor or roof
next above. If such portion of a building does not include occupiable space,
it is not considered a story for purposes of these guidelines. There may be
more than one floor level within a story as in the case of a mezzanine or
mezzanines.
Structural Frame. The structural frame shall
be considered to be the columns and the girders, beams, trusses and spandrels
having direct connections to the columns and all other members which are
essential to the stability of the building as a whole.
Tactile. Describes an object that can be
perceived using the sense of touch.
Text Telephone. Machinery or equipment that
employs interactive graphic (i.e., typed) communications through the
transmission of coded signals across the standard telephone network. Text
telephones can include, for example, devices known as TDD's (telecommunication
display devices or telecommunication devices for deaf persons) or
computers.
Transient Lodging. A building, facility, or
portion thereof, excluding inpatient medical care facilities, that contains
one or more dwelling units or sleeping accommodations. Transient lodging may
include, but is not limited to, resorts, group homes, hotels, motels, and
dormitories.
Vehicular Way. A route intended for
vehicular traffic, such as a street, driveway, or parking lot.
Walk. An exterior pathway with a prepared
surface intended for pedestrian use, including general pedestrian areas such
as plazas and courts.
NOTE: Sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.7 are different
from ANSI A117.1 in their entirety and are printed in standard type (ANSI
A117.1 does not include scoping provisions).
4.
ACCESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND SPACES: SCOPE AND TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS.
4.1
Minimum Requirements
4.1.1*
Application.
(1) General. All areas of newly designed or newly
constructed buildings and facilities required to be accessible by 4.1.2 and
4.1.3 and altered portions of existing buildings and facilities required to be
accessible by 4.1.6 shall comply with these guidelines, 4.1 through 4.35,
unless otherwise provided in this section or as modified in a special
application section.
(2) Application Based on Building Use. Special
application sections 5 through 10 provide additional requirements for
restaurants and cafeterias, medical care facilities, business and mercantile,
libraries, accessible transient lodging, and transportation facilities. When a
building or facility contains more than one use covered by a special
application section, each portion shall comply with the requirements for that
use.
(3)* Areas Used Only by Employees as Work Areas.
Areas that are used only as work areas shall be designed and constructed so
that individuals with disabilities can approach, enter, and exit the areas.
These guidelines do not require that any areas used only as work areas be
constructed to permit maneuvering within the work area or be constructed or
equipped (i.e., with racks or shelves) to be accessible.
(4) Temporary Structures. These guidelines cover
temporary buildings or facilities as well as permanent facilities. Temporary
buildings and facilities are not of permanent construction but are extensively
used or are essential for public use for a period of time. Examples of
temporary buildings or facilities covered by these guidelines include, but are
not limited to: reviewing stands, temporary classrooms, bleacher areas,
exhibit areas, temporary banking facilities, temporary health screening
services, or temporary safe pedestrian passageways around a construction site.
Structures, sites and equipment directly associated with the actual processes
of construction, such as scaffolding, bridging, materials hoists, or
construction trailers are not included.
(5) General Exceptions.
(a) In new construction, a person or entity is not
required to meet fully the requirements of these guidelines where that person
or entity can demonstrate that it is structurally impracticable to do so. Full
compliance will be considered structurally impracticable only in those rare
circumstances when the unique characteristics of terrain prevent the
incorporation of accessibility features. If full compliance with the
requirements of these guidelines is structurally impracticable, a person or
entity shall comply with the requirements to the extent it is not structurally
impracticable. Any portion of the building or facility which can be made
accessible shall comply to the extent that it is not structurally
impracticable.
(b) Accessibility is not required to (i)
observation galleries used primarily for security purposes; or (ii) in
non-occupiable spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks, crawl spaces, very
narrow passageways, or freight (non-passenger) elevators, and frequented only
by service personnel for repair purposes; such spaces include, but are not
limited to, elevator pits, elevator penthouses, piping or equipment
catwalks.
4.1.2 Accessible Sites and Exterior
Facilities: New Construction. An accessible site shall meet the
following minimum requirements:
(1) At least one accessible route complying with
4.3 shall be provided within the boundary of the site from public
transportation stops, accessible parking spaces, passenger loading zones if
provided, and public streets or sidewalks, to an accessible building
entrance.
(2) At least one accessible route complying with
4.3 shall connect accessible buildings, accessible facilities, accessible
elements, and accessible spaces that are on the same site.
(3) All objects that protrude from surfaces or
posts into circulation paths shall comply with 4.4.
(4) Ground surfaces along accessible routes and in
accessible spaces shall comply with 4.5.
(5) (a) If parking spaces are provided for
self-parking by employees or visitors, or both, then accessible spaces
complying with 4.6 shall be provided in each such parking area in conformance
with the table below. Spaces required by the table need not be provided in the
particular lot. They may be provided in a different location if equivalent or
greater accessibility, in terms of distance from an accessible entrance, cost
and convenience is ensured.
|
Total Parking in
Lot |
Required Minimum Number of
Accessible Spaces |
1 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 75
76 to
100
101 to 150
151 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 400
401 to
500
501 to 1000
1001 and over |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2 percent of
total
20, plus 1 for each 100 over
1000
|
Except as provided in (b), access aisles adjacent
to accessible spaces shall be 60 in (1525 mm) wide minimum.
(b) One in every eight accessible spaces, but not
less than one, shall be served by an access aisle 96 in (2440 mm) wide minimum
and shall be designated "van accessible" as required by 4.6.4. The vertical
clearance at such spaces shall comply with 4.6.5. All such spaces may be
grouped on one level of a parking structure.
EXCEPTION: Provision of all required parking spaces
in conformance with "Universal Parking Design" (see appendix A4.6.3) is
permitted.
(c) If passenger loading zones are provided, then
at least one passenger loading zone shall comply with 4.6.6.
(d) At facilities providing medical care and other
services for persons with mobility impairments, parking spaces complying with
4.6 shall be provided in accordance with 4.1.2(5)(a) except as
follows:
(i) Outpatient units and facilities: 10 percent of
the total number of parking spaces provided serving each such outpatient unit
or facility;
(ii) Units and facilities that specialize in
treatment or services for persons with mobility impairments: 20 percent of the
total number of parking spaces provided serving each such unit or
facility.
(e)* Valet parking: Valet parking facilities shall
provide a passenger loading zone complying with 4.6.6 located on an accessible
route to the entrance of the facility. Paragraphs 5(a), 5(b), and 5(d) of this
section do not apply to valet parking facilities.
(6) If toilet facilities are provided on a site,
then each such public or common use toilet facility shall comply with 4.22. If
bathing facilities are provided on a site, then each such public or common use
bathing facility shall comply with 4.23.
For single user portable toilet or bathing units
clustered at a single location, at least 5% but no less than one toilet unit
or bathing unit complying with 4.22 or 4.23 shall be installed at each cluster
whenever typical inaccessible units are provided.
Accessible units shall be identified by the
International Symbol of Accessibility.
EXCEPTION: Portable toilet units at construction
sites used exclusively by construction personnel are not required to comply
with 4.1.2(6).
(7) Building Signage. Signs which designate
permanent rooms and spaces shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.4, 4.30.5 and
4.30.6. Other signs which provide direction to, or information about,
functional spaces of the building shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3,
and 4.30.5. Elements and spaces of accessible facilities which shall be
identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility and which shall comply
with 4.30.7 are:
(a) Parking spaces designated as reserved for
individuals with disabilities;
(b) Accessible passenger loading
zones;
(c) Accessible entrances when not all are
accessible (inaccessible entrances shall have directional signage to indicate
the route to the nearest accessible entrance);
(d) Accessible toilet and bathing facilities when
not all are accessible.
4.1.3
Accessible Buildings: New Construction. Accessible buildings
and facilities shall meet the following minimum requirements:
(1) At least one accessible route complying with
4.3 shall connect accessible building or facility entrances with all
accessible spaces and elements within the building or facility.
(2) All objects that overhang or protrude into
circulation paths shall comply with 4.4.
(3) Ground and floor surfaces along accessible
routes and in accessible rooms and spaces shall comply with
4.5.
(4) Interior and exterior stairs connecting levels
that are not connected by an elevator, ramp, or other accessible means of
vertical access shall comply with 4.9.
(5)* One passenger elevator complying with 4.10
shall serve each level, including mezzanines, in all multi-story buildings and
facilities unless exempted below. If more than one elevator is provided, each
full passenger elevator shall comply with 4.10.
EXCEPTION 1: Elevators are not required in
facilities that are less than three stories or that have less than 3000 square
feet per story unless the building is a shopping center, a shopping mall, or
the professional office of a health care provider, or another type of facility
as determined by the Attorney General. The elevator exemption set forth in
this paragraph does not obviate or limit in any way the obligation to comply
with the other accessibility requirements established in section 4.1.3. For
example, floors above or below the accessible ground floor must meet the
requirements of this section except for elevator service. If toilet or bathing
facilities are provided on a level not served by an elevator, then toilet or
bathing facilities must be provided on the accessible ground floor. In new
construction if a building or facility is eligible for this exemption but a
full passenger elevator is nonetheless planned, that elevator shall meet the
requirements of 4.10 and shall serve each level in the building. A full
passenger elevator that provides service from a garage to only one level of a
building or facility is not required to serve other levels.
EXCEPTION 2: Elevator pits, elevator penthouses,
mechanical rooms, piping or equipment catwalks are exempted from this
requirement.
EXCEPTION 3: Accessible ramps complying with 4.8
may be used in lieu of an elevator.
EXCEPTION 4: Platform lifts (wheelchair lifts)
complying with 4.11 of this guideline and applicable state or local codes may
be used in lieu of an elevator only under the following
conditions:
(a) To provide an accessible route to a performing
area in an assembly occupancy.
(b) To comply with the wheelchair viewing position
line-of-sight and dispersion requirements of 4.33.3.
(c) To provide access to incidental occupiable
spaces and rooms which are not open to the general public and which house no
more than five persons, including but not limited to equipment control rooms
and projection booths.
(d) To provide access where existing site
constraints or other constraints make use of a ramp or an elevator
infeasible.
(6) Windows: (Reserved).
(7) Doors:
(a) At each accessible entrance to a building or
facility, at least one door shall comply with 4.13.
(b) Within a building or facility, at least one
door at each accessible space shall comply with 4.13.
(c) Each door that is an element of an accessible
route shall comply with 4.13.
(d) Each door required by 4.3.10, Egress, shall
comply with 4.13.
(8) In new construction, at a minimum, the
requirements in (a) and (b) below shall be satisfied
independently:
(a)(i) At least 50% of all public entrances
(excluding those in (b) below) must be accessible. At least one must be a
ground floor entrance. Public entrances are any entrances that are not loading
or service entrances.
(ii) Accessible entrances must be provided in a
number at least equivalent to the number of exits required by the applicable
building/fire codes. (This paragraph does not require an increase in the total
number of entrances planned for a facility.)
(iii) An accessible entrance must be provided to
each tenancy in a facility (for example, individual stores in a strip shopping
center).
One entrance may be considered as meeting more than
one of the requirements in (a). Where feasible, accessible entrances shall be
the entrances used by the majority of people visiting or working in the
building.
(b)(i) In addition, if direct access is provided
for pedestrians from an enclosed parking garage to the building, at least one
direct entrance from the garage to the building must be
accessible.
(ii) If access is provided for pedestrians from a
pedestrian tunnel or elevated walkway, one entrance to the building from each
tunnel or walkway must be accessible.
One entrance may be considered as meeting more than
one of the requirements in (b).
Because entrances also serve as emergency exits
whose proximity to all parts of buildings and facilities is essential, it is
preferable that all entrances be accessible.
(c) If the only entrance to a building, or tenancy
in a facility, is a service entrance, that entrance shall be
accessible.
(d) Entrances which are not accessible shall have
directional signage complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5, which
indicates the location of the nearest accessible entrance.
(9)* In buildings or facilities, or portions of
buildings or facilities, required to be accessible, accessible means of egress
shall be provided in the same number as required for exits by local
building/life safety regulations. Where a required exit from an occupiable
level above or below a level of accessible exit discharge is not accessible,
an area of rescue assistance shall be provided on each such level (in a number
equal to that of inaccessible required exits). Areas of rescue assistance
shall comply with 4.3.11. A horizontal exit, meeting the requirements of local
building/life safety regulations, shall satisfy the requirement for an area of
rescue assistance.
EXCEPTION: Areas of rescue assistance are not
required in buildings or facilities having a supervised automatic sprinkler
system.
(10)* Drinking Fountains:
(a) Where only one drinking fountain is provided on
a floor there shall be a drinking fountain which is accessible to individuals
who use wheelchairs in accordance with 4.15 and one accessible to those who
have difficulty bending or stooping. (This can be accommodated by the use of a
"hi-lo" fountain; by providing one fountain accessible to those who use
wheelchairs and one fountain at a standard height convenient for those who
have difficulty bending; by providing a fountain accessible under 4.15 and a
water cooler; or by such other means as would achieve the required
accessibility for each group on each floor.)
(b) Where more than one drinking fountain or water
cooler is provided on a floor, 50% of those provided shall comply with 4.15
and shall be on an accessible route.
(11) Toilet Facilities: If toilet rooms are
provided, then each public and common use toilet room shall comply with 4.22.
Other toilet rooms provided for the use of occupants of specific spaces (i.e.,
a private toilet room for the occupant of a private office) shall be
adaptable. If bathing rooms are provided, then each public and common use
bathroom shall comply with 4.23. Accessible toilet rooms and bathing
facilities shall be on an accessible route.
(12) Storage, Shelving and Display
Units:
(a) If fixed or built-in storage facilities such as
cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers are provided in accessible spaces, at
least one of each type provided shall contain storage space complying with
4.25. Additional storage may be provided outside of the dimensions required by
4.25.
(b) Shelves or display units allowing self-service
by customers in mercantile occupancies shall be located on an accessible route
complying with 4.3. Requirements for accessible reach range do not
apply.
(13) Controls and operating mechanisms in
accessible spaces, along accessible routes, or as parts of accessible elements
(for example, light switches and dispenser controls) shall comply with
4.27.
(14) If emergency warning systems are provided,
then they shall include both audible alarms and visual alarms complying with
4.28. Sleeping accommodations required to comply with 9.3 shall have an alarm
system complying with 4.28. Emergency warning systems in medical care
facilities may be modified to suit standard health care alarm design
practice.
(15) Detectable warnings shall be provided at
locations as specified in 4.29.
(16) Building Signage:
(a) Signs which designate permanent rooms and
spaces shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.4, 4.30.5 and 4.30.6.
(b) Other signs which provide direction to or
information about functional spaces of the building shall comply with 4.30.1,
4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5.
EXCEPTION: Building directories, menus, and all
other signs which are temporary are not required to comply.
(17) Public telephones:
(a) If public pay telephones, public closed circuit
telephones, or other public telephones are provided, then they shall comply
with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8 to the extent required by the following
table:
Number of each type
of
telephone provided on each
floor |
Number of telephones
required
to comply with 4.31.2 through
4.31.81 |
1 or
more single unit
|
1 per
floor
|
|
|
1 per
floor
|
2 or more
banks2
|
1 per bank. Accessible unit
may be installed as a single unit in proximity (either visible or with
signage) to the bank. At least one public telephone per floor shall
meet the requirements for a forward reach
telephone3.
|
1 Additional public
telephones may be installed at any height. Unless otherwise specified,
accessible telephones may be either forward or side reach
telephones.
2 A bank consists of two or more
adjacent public telephones, often installed as a unit.
3 EXCEPTION: For exterior
installations only, if dial tone first service is available, then a side
reach telephone may be installed instead of the required forward reach
telephone (i.e., one telephone in proximity to each bank shall comply with
4.31).
(b)* All telephones required to be accessible and
complying with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8 shall be equipped with a volume control.
In addition, 25 percent, but never less than one, of all other public
telephones provided shall be equipped with a volume control and shall be
dispersed among all types of public telephones, including closed circuit
telephones, throughout the building or facility. Signage complying with
applicable provisions of 4.30.7 shall be provided.
(c) The following shall be provided in accordance
with 4.31.9:
(i) if a total number of four or more public pay
telephones (including both interior and exterior phones) is provided at a
site, and at least one is in an interior location, then at least one interior
public text telephone shall be provided.
(ii) if an interior public pay telephone is
provided in a stadium or arena, in a convention center, in a hotel with a
convention center, or in a covered mall, at least one interior public text
telephone shall be provided in the facility.
(iii) if a public pay telephone is located in or
adjacent to a hospital emergency room, hospital recovery room, or hospital
waiting room, one public text telephone shall be provided at each such
location.
(d) Where a bank of telephones in the interior of a
building consists of three or more public pay telephones, at least one public
pay telephone in each such bank shall be equipped with a shelf and outlet in
compliance with 4.31.9(2).
(18) If fixed or built-in seating or tables
(including, but not limited to, study carrels and student laboratory
stations), are provided in accessible public or common use areas, at least
five percent (5%), but not less than one, of the fixed or built-in seating
areas or tables shall comply with 4.32. An accessible route shall lead to and
through such fixed or built-in seating areas, or tables.
(19)* Assembly areas:
(a) In places of assembly with fixed seating
accessible wheelchair locations shall comply with 4.33.2, 4.33.3, and 4.33.4
and shall be provided consistent with the following table:
Capacity of Seating
in
Assembly Areas |
Number of Required
Wheelchair Locations |
4 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 300
301
to 500
|
1
2
4
6
|
|
over 500 |
6, plus 1 additional space for each
total
seating capacity increase of
100 |
In addition, one percent, but not less than one, of
all fixed seats shall be aisle seats with no armrests on the aisle side, or
removable or folding armrests on the aisle side. Each such seat shall be
identified by a sign or marker. Signage notifying patrons of the availability
of such seats shall be posted at the ticket office. Aisle seats are not
required to comply with 4.33.4.
(b) This paragraph applies to assembly areas where
audible communications are integral to the use of the space (e.g., concert and
lecture halls, playhouses and movie theaters, meeting rooms, etc.). Such
assembly areas, if (1) they accommodate at least 50 persons, or if they have
audio-amplification systems, and (2) they have fixed seating, shall have a
permanently installed assistive listening system complying with 4.33. For
other assembly areas, a permanently installed assistive listening system, or
an adequate number of electrical outlets or other supplementary wiring
necessary to support a portable assistive listening system shall be provided.
The minimum number of receivers to be provided shall be equal to 4 percent of
the total number of seats, but in no case less than two. Signage complying
with applicable provisions of 4.30 shall be installed to notify patrons of the
availability of a listening system.
(20) Where automated teller machines (ATMs) are
provided, each ATM shall comply with the requirements of 4.34 except where two
or more are provided at a location, then only one must comply.
EXCEPTION: Drive-up-only automated teller machines
are not required to comply with 4.27.2, 4.27.3 and 4.34.3.
(21) Where dressing and fitting rooms are provided
for use by the general public, patients, customers or employees, 5 percent,
but never less than one, of dressing rooms for each type of use in each
cluster of dressing rooms shall be accessible and shall comply with
4.35.
Examples of types of dressing rooms are those
serving different genders or distinct and different functions as in different
treatment or examination facilities.
4.1.4
(Reserved).
4.1.5
Accessible Buildings: Additions. Each addition to an existing
building or facility shall be regarded as an alteration. Each space or element
added to the existing building or facility shall comply with the applicable
provisions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3, Minimum Requirements (for New Construction) and
the applicable technical specifications of 4.2 through 4.35 and sections 5
through 10. Each addition that affects or could affect the usability of an
area containing a primary function shall comply with 4.1.6(2).
4.1.6
Accessible Buildings: Alterations.
(1) General. Alterations to existing buildings and
facilities shall comply with the following:
(a) No alteration shall be undertaken which
decreases or has the effect of decreasing accessibility or usability of a
building or facility below the requirements for new construction at the time
of alteration.
(b) If existing elements, spaces, or common areas
are altered, then each such altered element, space, feature, or area shall
comply with the applicable provisions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3 Minimum Requirements
(for New Construction). If the applicable provision for new construction
requires that an element, space, or common area be on an accessible route, the
altered element, space, or common area is not required to be on an accessible
route except as provided in 4.1.6(2) (Alterations to an Area Containing a
Primary Function.)
(c) If alterations of single elements, when
considered together, amount to an alteration of a room or space in a building
or facility, the entire space shall be made accessible.
(d) No alteration of an existing element, space, or
area of a building or facility shall impose a requirement for greater
accessibility than that which would be required for new construction. For
example, if the elevators and stairs in a building are being altered and the
elevators are, in turn, being made accessible, then no accessibility
modifications are required to the stairs connecting levels connected by the
elevator. If stair modifications to correct unsafe conditions are required by
other codes, the modifications shall be done in compliance with these
guidelines unless technically infeasible.
(e) At least one interior public text telephone
complying with 4.31.9 shall be provided if:
(i) alterations to existing buildings or facilities
with less than four exterior or interior public pay telephones would increase
the total number to four or more telephones with at least one in an interior
location; or
(ii) alterations to one or more exterior or
interior public pay telephones occur in an existing building or facility with
four or more public telephones with at least one in an interior location.
(f) If an escalator or stair is planned or
installed where none existed previously and major structural modifications are
necessary for such installation, then a means of accessible vertical access
shall be provided that complies with the applicable provisions of 4.7, 4.8,
4.10, or 4.11.
(g) In alterations, the requirements of 4.1.3(9),
4.3.10 and 4.3.11 do not apply.
(h)* Entrances: If a planned alteration entails
alterations to an entrance, and the building has an accessible entrance, the
entrance being altered is not required to comply with 4.1.3(8), except to the
extent required by 4.1.6(2). If a particular entrance is not made accessible,
appropriate accessible signage indicating the location of the nearest
accessible entrance(s) shall be installed at or near the inaccessible
entrance, such that a person with disabilities will not be required to retrace
the approach route from the inaccessible entrance.
(i) If the alteration work is limited solely to the
electrical, mechanical, or plumbing system, or to hazardous material
abatement, or automatic sprinkler retrofitting, and does not involve the
alteration of any elements or spaces required to be accessible under these
guidelines, then 4.1.6(2) does not apply.
(j) EXCEPTION: In alteration work, if compliance
with 4.1.6 is technically infeasible, the alteration shall provide
accessibility to the maximum extent feasible. Any elements or features of the
building or facility that are being altered and can be made accessible shall
be made accessible within the scope of the alteration.
Technically Infeasible. Means, with respect
to an alteration of a building or a facility, that it has little likelihood of
being accomplished because existing structural conditions would require
removing or altering a load-bearing member which is an essential part of the
structural frame; or because other existing physical or site constraints
prohibit modification or addition of elements, spaces, or features which are
in full and strict compliance with the minimum requirements for new
construction and which are necessary to provide accessibility.
(k) EXCEPTION:
(i) These guidelines do not require the
installation of an elevator in an altered facility that is less than three
stories or has less than 3,000 square feet per story unless the building is a
shopping center, a shopping mall, the professional office of a health care
provider, or another type of facility as determined by the Attorney
General.
(ii) The exemption provided in paragraph (i) does
not obviate or limit in any way the obligation to comply with the other
accessibility requirements established in these guidelines. For example,
alterations to floors above or below the ground floor must be accessible
regardless of whether the altered facility has an elevator. If a facility
subject to the elevator exemption set forth in paragraph (i) nonetheless has a
full passenger elevator, that elevator shall meet, to the maximum extent
feasible, the accessibility requirements of these guidelines.
(2) Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary
Function: In addition to the requirements of 4.1.6(1), an alteration that
affects or could affect the usability of or access to an area containing a
primary function shall be made so as to ensure that, to the maximum extent
feasible, the path of travel to the altered area and the restrooms,
telephones, and drinking fountains serving the altered area, are readily
accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, unless such
alterations are disproportionate to the overall alterations in terms of cost
and scope (as determined under criteria established by the Attorney
General).
(3) Special Technical Provisions for Alterations to
Existing Buildings and Facilities:
(a) Ramps: Curb ramps and interior or exterior
ramps to be constructed on sites or in existing buildings or facilities where
space limitations prohibit the use of a 1:12 slope or less may have slopes and
rises as follows:
(i) A slope between 1:10 and 1:12 is allowed for a
maximum rise of 6 inches.
(ii) A slope between 1:8 and 1:10 is allowed for a
maximum rise of 3 inches. A slope steeper than 1:8 is not
allowed.
(b) Stairs: Full extension of handrails at stairs
shall not be required in alterations where such extensions would be hazardous
or impossible due to plan configuration.
(c) Elevators:
(i) If safety door edges are provided in existing
automatic elevators, automatic door reopening devices may be omitted (see
4.10.6).
(ii) Where existing shaft configuration or
technical infeasibility prohibits strict compliance with 4.10.9, the minimum
car plan dimensions may be reduced by the minimum amount necessary, but in no
case shall the inside car area be smaller than 48 in by 48 in.
(iii) Equivalent facilitation may be provided with
an elevator car of different dimensions when usability can be demonstrated and
when all other elements required to be accessible comply with the applicable
provisions of 4.10. For example, an elevator of 47 in by 69 in (1195 mm by
1755 mm) with a door opening on the narrow dimension, could accommodate the
standard wheelchair clearances shown in Figure 4.
(d) Doors:
(i) Where it is technically infeasible to comply
with clear opening width requirements of 4.13.5, a projection of 5/8 in
maximum will be permitted for the latch side stop.
(ii) If existing thresholds are 3/4 in high or
less, and have (or are modified to have) a beveled edge on each side, they may
remain.
(e) Toilet Rooms:
(i) Where it is technically infeasible to comply
with 4.22 or 4.23, the installation of at least one unisex toilet/bathroom per
floor, located in the same area as existing toilet facilities, will be
permitted in lieu of modifying existing toilet facilities to be accessible.
Each unisex toilet room shall contain one water closet complying with 4.16 and
one lavatory complying with 4.19, and the door shall have a privacy
latch.
(ii) Where it is technically infeasible to install
a required standard stall (Fig. 30(a)), or where other codes prohibit
reduction of the fixture count (i.e., removal of a water closet in order to
create a double-wide stall), either alternate stall (Fig.30(b)) may be
provided in lieu of the standard stall.
(iii) When existing toilet or bathing facilities
are being altered and are not made accessible, signage complying with 4.30.1,
4.30.2, 4.30.3, 4.30.5, and 4.30.7 shall be provided indicating the location
of the nearest accessible toilet or bathing facility within the
facility.
(f) Assembly Areas:
(i) Where it is technically infeasible to disperse
accessible seating throughout an altered assembly area, accessible seating
areas may be clustered. Each accessible seating area shall have provisions for
companion seating and shall be located on an accessible route that also serves
as a means of emergency egress.
(ii) Where it is technically infeasible to alter
all performing areas to be on an accessible route, at least one of each type
of performing area shall be made accessible.
(g) Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts): In
alterations, platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) complying with 4.11 and
applicable state or local codes may be used as part of an accessible route.
The use of lifts is not limited to the four conditions in exception 4 of
4.1.3(5)
(h) Dressing Rooms: In alterations where technical
infeasibility can be demonstrated, one dressing room for each sex on each
level shall be made accessible. Where only unisex dressing rooms are provided,
accessible unisex dressing rooms may be used to fulfill this
requirement.
4.1.7
Accessible Buildings: Historic Preservation.
(1) Applicability:
(a) General Rule. Alterations to a qualified
historic building or facility shall comply with 4.1.6 Accessible Buildings:
Alterations, the applicable technical specifications of 4.2 through 4.35 and
the applicable special application sections 5 through 10 unless it is
determined in accordance with the procedures in 4.1.7(2) that compliance with
the requirements for accessible routes (exterior and interior), ramps,
entrances, or toilets would threaten or destroy the historic significance of
the building or facility in which case the alternative requirements in
4.1.7(3) may be used for the feature.
EXCEPTION: (Reserved).
(b) Definition. A qualified historic building or
facility is a building or facility that is:
(i) Listed in or eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places; or
(ii) Designated as historic under an appropriate
State or local law.
(2) Procedures:
(a) Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and
Facilities Subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act:
(i) Section 106 Process. Section 106 of the
National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470 f) requires that a Federal
agency with jurisdiction over a Federal, federally assisted, or federally
licensed undertaking consider the effects of the agency's undertaking on
buildings and facilities listed in or eligible for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places and give the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation a reasonable opportunity to comment on the undertaking prior to
approval of the undertaking.
(ii) ADA Application. Where alterations are
undertaken to a qualified historic building or facility that is subject to
section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, the Federal agency with
jurisdiction over the undertaking shall follow the section 106 process. If the
State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation agrees that compliance with the requirements for accessible
routes (exterior and interior), ramps, entrances, or toilets would threaten or
destroy the historic significance of the building or facility, the alternative
requirements in 4.1.7(3) may be used for the feature.
(b) Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and
Facilities Not Subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act. Where alterations are undertaken to a qualified historic building or
facility that is not subject to section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act, if the entity undertaking the alterations believes that
compliance with the requirements for accessible routes (exterior and
interior), ramps, entrances, or toilets would threaten or destroy the historic
significance of the building or facility and that the alternative requirements
in 4.1.7(3) should be used for the feature, the entity should consult with the
State Historic Preservation Officer. If the State Historic Preservation
Officer agrees that compliance with the accessibility requirements for
accessible routes (exterior and interior), ramps, entrances or toilets would
threaten or destroy the historical significance of the building or facility,
the alternative requirements in 4.1.7(3) may be used.
(c) Consultation With Interested Persons.
Interested persons should be invited to participate in the consultation
process, including State or local accessibility officials, individuals with
disabilities, and organizations representing individuals with
disabilities.
(d) Certified Local Government Historic
Preservation
Programs. Where the State Historic Preservation
Officer has delegated the consultation responsibility for purposes of this
section to a local government historic preservation program that has been
certified in accordance with section 101(c) of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470a (c)) and implementing regulations (36
CFR 61.5), the responsibility may be carried out by the appropriate local
government body or official.
(3) Historic Preservation: Minimum
Requirements:
(a) At least one accessible route complying with
4.3 from a site access point to an accessible entrance shall be
provided.
EXCEPTION: A ramp with a slope no greater than 1:6
for a run not to exceed 2 ft (610 mm) may be used as part of an accessible
route to an entrance.
(b) At least one accessible entrance complying with
4.14 which is used by the public shall be provided.
EXCEPTION: If it is determined that no entrance
used by the public can comply with 4.14, then access at any entrance not used
by the general public but open (unlocked) with directional signage at the
primary entrance may be used. The accessible entrance shall also have a
notification system. Where security is a problem, remote monitoring may be
used.
(c) If toilets are provided, then at least one
toilet facility complying with 4.22 and 4.1.6 shall be provided along an
accessible route that complies with 4.3. Such toilet facility may be unisex in
design.
(d) Accessible routes from an accessible entrance
to all publicly used spaces on at least the level of the accessible entrance
shall be provided. Access shall be provided to all levels of a building or
facility in compliance with 4.1 whenever practical.
(e) Displays and written information, documents,
etc., should be located where they can be seen by a seated person. Exhibits
and signage displayed horizontally (e.g., open books), should be no higher
than 44 in (1120 mm) above the floor surface.
NOTE: The technical provisions of sections 4.2
through 4.35 are the same as those of the American National Standard
Institute's document A117.1-1980, except as noted in the
text.
4.2
Space Allowance and Reach Ranges.
4.2.1* Wheelchair Passage
Width. The minimum clear width for single wheelchair passage shall be 32
in (815 mm) at a point and 36 in (915 mm) continuously (see Fig. 1 and 24(e)).
4.2.2 Width for Wheelchair Passing. The
minimum width for two wheelchairs to pass is 60 in (1525 mm) (see Fig. 2).
4.2.3* Wheelchair Turning Space. The space
required for a wheelchair to make a 180-degree turn is a clear space of 60 in
(1525 mm) diameter (see Fig.
3(a)) or a T-shaped space (see Fig. 3(b)).
4.2.4*
Clear Floor or Ground Space for Wheelchairs.
4.2.4.1
Size and Approach. The minimum clear floor or ground space required to
accommodate a single, stationary wheelchair and occupant is 30 in by 48 in
(760 mm by 1220 mm) (see Fig.
4, see Fig. 4(a)). The
minimum clear floor or ground space for wheelchairs may be positioned for
forward or parallel approach to an object (see Fig. 4(b) and Fig.4(c)). Clear floor or ground
space for wheelchairs may be part of the knee space required under some
objects.
4.2.4.2 Relationship of Maneuvering Clearance to
Wheelchair Spaces. One full unobstructed side of the clear floor or ground
space for a wheelchair shall adjoin or overlap an accessible route or adjoin
another wheelchair clear floor space. If a clear floor space is located in an
alcove or otherwise confined on all or part of three sides, additional
maneuvering clearances shall be provided as shown in Fig. 4(d) and Fig. 4(e).
4.2.4.3 Surfaces for Wheelchair Spaces.
Clear floor or ground spaces for wheelchairs shall comply with
4.5.
4.2.5*
Forward Reach. If the clear floor space only allows forward approach to an
object, the maximum high forward reach allowed shall be 48 in (1220 mm) (see
Fig. 5 and Fig. 5(a)). The minimum low
forward reach is 15 in (380 mm). If the high forward reach is over an
obstruction, reach and clearances shall be as shown in Fig. 5(b).
4.2.6*
Side Reach. If the clear floor space allows parallel approach by a person
in a wheelchair, the maximum high side reach allowed shall be 54 in (1370 mm)
and the low side reach shall be no less than 9 in (230 mm) above the floor (Fig 6, Fig. 6(a) and Fig (b)). If the side reach is
over an obstruction, the reach and clearances shall be as shown in Fig 6(c).
4.3
Accessible Route.
4.3.1* General. All walks,
halls, corridors, aisles, skywalks, tunnels, and other spaces that are part of
an accessible route shall comply with 4.3.
4.3.2 Location.
(1) At least one accessible route within the
boundary of the site shall be provided from public transportation stops,
accessible parking, and accessible passenger loading zones, and public streets
or sidewalks to the accessible building entrance they serve. The accessible
route shall, to the maximum extent feasible, coincide with the route for the
general public.
(2) At least one accessible route shall connect
accessible buildings, facilities, elements, and spaces that are on the same
site.
(3) At least one accessible route shall connect
accessible building or facility entrances with all accessible spaces and
elements and with all accessible dwelling units within the building or
facility.
(4) An accessible route shall connect at least one
accessible entrance of each accessible dwelling unit with those exterior and
interior spaces and facilities that serve the accessible dwelling
unit.
4.3.3
Width. The minimum clear width of an accessible route shall be
36 in (915 mm) except at doors (see 4.13.5 and 4.13.6). If a person in a
wheelchair must make a turn around an obstruction, the minimum clear width of
the accessible route shall be as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 7(a) and Fig 7(b).
4.3.4 Passing Space. If an
accessible route has less than 60 in (1525 mm) clear width, then passing
spaces at least 60 in by 60 in (1525 mm by 1525 mm) shall be located at
reasonable intervals not to exceed 200 ft (61 m). A T-intersection of two
corridors or walks is an acceptable passing place.
4.3.5 Head Room. Accessible
routes shall comply with 4.4.2.
4.3.6 Surface Textures. The
surface of an accessible route shall comply with 4.5.
4.3.7 Slope. An accessible
route with a running slope greater than 1:20 is a ramp and shall comply with
4.8. Nowhere shall the cross slope of an accessible route exceed
1:50.
4.3.8 Changes in Levels. Changes in
levels along an accessible route shall comply with 4.5.2. If an accessible
route has changes in level greater than 1/2 in (13 mm), then a curb ramp,
ramp, elevator, or platform lift (as permitted in 4.1.3 and 4.1.6) shall be
provided that complies with 4.7, 4.8, 4.10, or 4.11, respectively. An
accessible route does not include stairs, steps, or escalators. See definition
of "egress, means of" in 3.5.
4.3.9 Doors. Doors along an
accessible route shall comply with 4.13.
4.3.10* Egress. Accessible
routes serving any accessible space or element shall also serve as a means of
egress for emergencies or connect to an accessible area of rescue
assistance.
4.3.11 Areas of Rescue
Assistance.
4.3.11.1 Location and
Construction. An area of rescue assistance shall be one of the
following:
(1) A portion of a stairway landing within a
smokeproof enclosure (complying with local requirements).
(2) A portion of an exterior exit balcony located
immediately adjacent to an exit stairway when the balcony complies with local
requirements for exterior exit balconies. Openings to the interior of the
building located within 20 feet (6 m) of the area of rescue assistance shall
be protected with fire assemblies having a three-fourths hour fire protection
rating.
(3) A portion of a one-hour fire-resistive corridor
(complying with local requirements for fire-resistive construction and for
openings) located immediately adjacent to an exit enclosure.
(4) A vestibule located immediately adjacent to an
exit enclosure and constructed to the same fire-resistive standards as
required for corridors and openings.
(5) A portion of a stairway landing within an exit
enclosure which is vented to the exterior and is separated from the interior
of the building with not less than one-hour fire-resistive
doors.
(6) When approved by the appropriate local
authority, an area or a room which is separated from other portions of the
building by a smoke barrier. Smoke barriers shall have a fire-resistive rating
of not less than one hour and shall completely enclose the area or room. Doors
in the smoke barrier shall be tight-fitting smoke- and draft-control
assemblies having a fire-protection rating of not less than 20 minutes and
shall be self-closing or automatic closing. The area or room shall be provided
with an exit directly to an exit enclosure. Where the room or area exits into
an exit enclosure which is required to be of more than one-hour fire-resistive
construction, the room or area shall have the same fire-resistive
construction, including the same opening protection, as required for the
adjacent exit enclosure.
(7) An elevator lobby when elevator shafts and
adjacent lobbies are pressurized as required for smokeproof enclosures by
local regulations and when complying with requirements herein for size,
communication, and signage. Such pressurization system shall be activated by
smoke detectors on each floor located in a manner approved by the appropriate
local authority. Pressurization equipment and its duct work within the
building shall be separated from other portions of the building by a minimum
two-hour fire-resistive construction.
4.3.11.2 Size. Each area of
rescue assistance shall provide at least two accessible areas each being not
less than 30 inches by 48 inches (760 mm by 1220 mm). The area of rescue
assistance shall not encroach on any required exit width. The total number of
such 30-inch by 48-inch (760 mm by 1220 mm) areas per story shall be not less
than one for every 200 persons of calculated occupant load served by the area
of rescue assistance.
EXCEPTION: The appropriate local authority may
reduce the minimum number of 30-inch by 48-inch (760 mm by 1220 mm) areas to
one for each area of rescue assistance on floors where the occupant load is
less than 200.
4.3.11.3* Stairway Width. Each
stairway adjacent to an area of rescue assistance shall have a minimum clear
width of 48 inches between handrails.
4.3.11.4* Two-way Communication.
A method of two-way communication, with both visible and audible signals,
shall be provided between each area of rescue assistance and the primary
entry. The fire department or appropriate local authority may approve a
location other than the primary entry.
4.3.11.5 Identification. Each
area of rescue assistance shall be identified by a sign which states "AREA OF
RESCUE ASSISTANCE" and displays the international symbol of accessibility. The
sign shall be illuminated when exit sign illumination is required. Signage
shall also be installed at all inaccessible exits and where otherwise
necessary to clearly indicate the direction to areas of rescue assistance. In
each area of rescue assistance, instructions on the use of the area under
emergency conditions shall be posted adjoining the two-way communication
system.
4.4
Protruding Objects.
4.4.1* General. Objects projecting from walls (for
example, telephones) with their leading edges between 27 in and 80 in (685 mm
and 2030 mm) above the finished floor shall protrude no more than 4 in (100
mm) into walks, halls, corridors, passageways, or aisles (see Fig. 8(a)). Objects mounted with
their leading edges at or below 27 in (685 mm) above the finished floor may
protrude any amount (see Fig.
8(a) and (b)).
Free-standing objects mounted on posts or pylons may overhang 12 in (305 mm)
maximum from 27 in to 80 in (685 mm to 2030 mm) above the ground or finished
floor (see Fig. 8(c) and (d)). Protruding objects shall
not reduce the clear width of an accessible route or maneuvering space (see Fig.
8(e)).
4.4.2 Head Room. Walks, halls,
corridors, passageways, aisles, or other circulation spaces shall have 80 in
(2030 mm) minimum clear head room (see Fig. 8(a)). If vertical
clearance of an area adjoining an accessible route is reduced to less than 80
in (nominal dimension), a barrier to warn blind or visually-impaired persons
shall be provided (see Fig.
8(c-1)).
4.5
Ground and Floor Surfaces.
4.5.1* General. Ground and
floor surfaces along accessible routes and in accessible rooms and spaces
including floors, walks, ramps, stairs, and curb ramps, shall be stable, firm,
slip-resistant, and shall comply with 4.5.
4.5.2 Changes in Level. Changes in level up to 1/4
in (6 mm) may be vertical and without edge treatment (see Fig. 7(c) ). Changes in level
between 1/4 in and 1/2 in (6 mm and 13 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no
greater than 1:2 (see Fig.
7(d) ). Changes in level greater than 1/2 in (13 mm) shall be accomplished
by means of a ramp that complies with 4.7 or 4.8.
4.5.3* Carpet. If carpet or carpet tile is used on
a ground or floor surface, then it shall be securely attached; have a firm
cushion, pad, or backing, or no cushion or pad; and have a level loop,
textured loop, level cut pile, or level cut/uncut pile texture. The maximum
pile thickness shall be 1/2 in (13 mm) (see Fig. 8(f)). Exposed edges of
carpet shall be fastened to floor surfaces and have trim along the entire
length of the exposed edge. Carpet edge trim shall comply with
4.5.2.
4.5.4 Gratings. If gratings are located in walking
surfaces, then they shall have spaces no greater than 1/2 in (13 mm) wide in
one direction (see Fig.
8(g)). If gratings have elongated openings, then they shall be placed so
that the long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel
(see Fig.
8(h)).
4.6
Parking and Passenger Loading Zones.
4.6.1 Minimum Number. Parking
spaces required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.6.2 through 4.6.5.
Passenger loading zones required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with
4.6.5 and 4.6.6.
4.6.2 Location. Accessible
parking spaces serving a particular building shall be located on the shortest
accessible route of travel from adjacent parking to an accessible entrance. In
parking facilities that do not serve a particular building, accessible parking
shall be located on the shortest accessible route of travel to an accessible
pedestrian entrance of the parking facility. In buildings with multiple
accessible entrances with adjacent parking, accessible parking spaces shall be
dispersed and located closest to the accessible entrances.
4.6.3* Parking Spaces. Accessible parking spaces
shall be at least 96 in (2440 mm) wide. Parking access aisles shall be part of
an accessible route to the building or facility entrance and shall comply with
4.3. Two accessible parking spaces may share a common access aisle (see Fig. 9). Parked vehicle overhangs
shall not reduce the clear width of an accessible route. Parking spaces and
access aisles shall be level with surface slopes not exceeding 1:50 (2%) in
all directions.
4.6.4* Signage. Accessible
parking spaces shall be designated as reserved by a sign showing the symbol of
accessibility (see 4.30.7). Spaces complying with 4.1.2(5)(b) shall have an
additional sign "Van-Accessible" mounted below the symbol of accessibility.
Such signs shall be located so they cannot be obscured by a vehicle parked in
the space.
4.6.5* Vertical Clearance.
Provide minimum vertical clearance of 114 in (2895 mm) at accessible
passenger loading zones and along at least one vehicle access route to such
areas from site entrance(s) and exit(s). At parking spaces complying with
4.1.2(5)(b), provide minimum vertical clearance of 98 in (2490 mm) at the
parking space and along at least one vehicle access route to such spaces from
site entrance(s) and exit(s).
4.6.6 Passenger Loading Zones. Passenger loading
zones shall provide an access aisle at least 60 in (1525 mm) wide and 20 ft
(240 in)(6100 mm) long adjacent and parallel to the vehicle pull-up space (see
Fig. 10). If there are curbs
between the access aisle and the vehicle pull-up space, then a curb ramp
complying with 4.7 shall be provided. Vehicle standing spaces and access
aisles shall be level with surface slopes not exceeding 1:50 (2%) in all
directions.
4.7
Curb Ramps.
4.7.1 Location. Curb ramps
complying with 4.7 shall be provided wherever an accessible route crosses a
curb.
4.7.2 Slope. Slopes of curb ramps shall comply
with 4.8.2. The slope shall be measured as shown in Fig. 11. Transitions from ramps
to walks, gutters, or streets shall be flush and free of abrupt changes.
Maximum slopes of adjoining gutters, road surface immediately adjacent to the
curb ramp, or accessible route shall not exceed 1:20.
4.7.3 Width. The minimum width
of a curb ramp shall be 36 in (915 mm), exclusive of flared
sides.
4.7.4 Surface. Surfaces of
curb ramps shall comply with 4.5.
4.7.5 Sides of Curb Ramps. If a curb ramp is located
where pedestrians must walk across the ramp, or where it is not protected by
handrails or guardrails, it shall have flared sides; the maximum slope of the
flare shall be 1:10 (see Fig.
12(a)). Curb ramps with returned curbs may be used where pedestrians would
not normally walk across the ramp (see Fig.
12(b)).
4.7.6 Built-up Curb
Ramps. Built-up curb ramps shall be located so that they do not
project into vehicular traffic lanes (see Fig. 13).
4.7.7 Detectable Warnings. A
curb ramp shall have a detectable warning complying with 4.29.2. The
detectable warning shall extend the full width and depth of the curb
ramp.
4.7.8 Obstructions. Curb ramps
shall be located or protected to prevent their obstruction by parked
vehicles.
4.7.9 Location at Marked Crossings. Curb ramps at
marked crossings shall be wholly contained within the markings, excluding any
flared sides (see Fig.
15).
4.7.10 Diagonal Curb Ramps. If
diagonal (or corner type) curb ramps have returned curbs or other well-defined
edges, such edges shall be parallel to the direction of pedestrian flow. The
bottom of diagonal curb ramps shall have 48 in (1220 mm) minimum clear space
as shown in Fig. 15(c) and
(d). If diagonal curb ramps
are provided at marked crossings, the 48 in (1220 mm) clear space shall be
within the markings (see Fig.
15(c) and (d)). If
diagonal curb ramps have flared sides, they shall also have at least a 24 in
(610 mm) long segment of straight curb located on each side of the curb ramp
and within the marked crossing (see Fig. 15(c)).
4.7.11 Islands. Any raised
islands in crossings shall be cut through level with the street or have curb
ramps at both sides and a level area at least 48 in (1220 mm) long between the
curb ramps in the part of the island intersected by the crossings (see Fig. 15(a) and (b)).
4.8
Ramps.
4.8.1* General. Any part of an
accessible route with a slope greater than 1:20 shall be considered a ramp and
shall comply with 4.8.
4.8.2* Slope and Rise. The least possible slope
shall be used for any ramp. The maximum slope of a ramp in new construction
shall be 1:12. The maximum rise for any run shall be 30 in (760 mm) (see Fig. 16). Curb ramps and ramps
to be constructed on existing sites or in existing buildings or facilities may
have slopes and rises as allowed in 4.1.6(3)(a) if space limitations prohibit
the use of a 1:12 slope or less.
4.8.3 Clear Width. The minimum
clear width of a ramp shall be 36 in (915 mm).
4.8.4* Landings. Ramps shall
have level landings at bottom and top of each ramp and each ramp run. Landings
shall have the following features:
(1) The landing shall be at least as wide as the
ramp run leading to it.
(2) The landing length shall be a minimum of 60 in
(1525 mm) clear.
(3) If ramps change direction at landings, the
minimum landing size shall be 60 in by 60 in (1525 mm by 1525
mm).
(4) If a doorway is located at a landing, then the
area in front of the doorway shall comply with 4.13.6.
4.8.5* Handrails. If a ramp run has a rise greater
than 6 in (150 mm) or a horizontal projection greater than 72 in (1830 mm),
then it shall have handrails on both sides. Handrails are not required on curb
ramps or adjacent to seating in assembly areas. Handrails shall comply with
4.26 and shall have the following features:
(1) Handrails shall be provided along both sides of
ramp segments. The inside handrail on switchback or dogleg ramps shall always
be continuous.
(2) If handrails are not continuous, they shall
extend at least 12 in (305 mm) beyond the top and bottom of the ramp segment
and shall be parallel with the floor or ground surface (see Fig. 17).
(3) The clear space between the handrail and the
wall shall be 1 - 1/2 in (38 mm).
(4) Gripping surfaces shall be
continuous.
(5) Top of handrail gripping surfaces shall be
mounted between 34 in and 38 in (865 mm and 965 mm) above ramp
surfaces.
(6) Ends of handrails shall be either rounded or
returned smoothly to floor, wall, or post.
(7) Handrails shall not rotate within their
fittings.
4.8.6 Cross Slope and Surfaces.
The cross slope of ramp surfaces shall be no greater than 1:50. Ramp
surfaces shall comply with 4.5.
4.8.7 Edge Protection. Ramps
and landings with drop-offs shall have curbs, walls, railings, or projecting
surfaces that prevent people from slipping off the ramp. Curbs shall be a
minimum of 2 in (50 mm) high (see Fig. 17).
4.8.8 Outdoor Conditions.
Outdoor ramps and their approaches shall be designed so that water will
not accumulate on walking surfaces.
4.9
Stairs.
4.9.1* Minimum Number. Stairs
required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.9.
4.9.2 Treads and Risers. On any given flight of
stairs, all steps shall have uniform riser heights and uniform tread widths.
Stair treads shall be no less than 11 in (280 mm) wide, measured from riser to
riser (see Fig. 18(a)). Open
risers are not permitted.
4.9.3 Nosings. The undersides
of nosings shall not be abrupt. The radius of curvature at the leading edge of
the tread shall be no greater than 1/2 in (13 mm). Risers shall be sloped or
the underside of the nosing shall have an angle not less than 60 degrees from
the horizontal. Nosings shall project no more than 1-1/2 in (38 mm) (see Fig. 18).
4.9.4 Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails at both
sides of all stairs. Handrails shall comply with 4.26 and shall have the
following features:
(1) Handrails shall be continuous along both sides
of stairs. The inside handrail on switchback or dogleg stairs shall always be
continuous (see Fig. 19(a)
and (b)).
(2) If handrails are not continuous, they shall
extend at least 12 in (305 mm) beyond the top riser and at least 12 in (305
mm) plus the width of one tread beyond the bottom riser. At the top, the
extension shall be parallel with the floor or ground surface. At the bottom,
the handrail shall continue to slope for a distance of the width of one tread
from the bottom riser; the remainder of the extension shall be horizontal (see
Fig. 19(c) and (d)). Handrail extensions shall
comply with 4.4.
(3) The clear space between handrails and wall
shall be 1-1/2 in (38 mm).
(4) Gripping surfaces shall be uninterrupted by
newel posts, other construction elements, or obstructions.
(5) Top of handrail gripping surface shall be
mounted between 34 in and 38 in (865 mm and 965 mm) above stair
nosings.
(6) Ends of handrails shall be either rounded or
returned smoothly to floor, wall or post.
(7) Handrails shall not rotate within their
fittings.
4.9.5 Detectable Warnings at
Stairs. (Reserved).
4.9.6 Outdoor Conditions.
Outdoor stairs and their approaches shall be designed so that water will
not accumulate on walking surfaces.
4.10
Elevators.
4.10.1 General. Accessible
elevators shall be on an accessible route and shall comply with 4.10 and with
the ASME A17.1-1990, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. Freight
elevators shall not be considered as meeting the requirements of this section
unless the only elevators provided are used as combination passenger and
freight elevators for the public and employees.
4.10.2 Automatic Operation.
Elevator operation shall be automatic. Each car shall be equipped with a
self-leveling feature that will automatically bring the car to floor landings
within a tolerance of 1/2 in (13 mm) under rated loading to zero loading
conditions. This self-leveling feature shall be automatic and independent of
the operating device and shall correct the overtravel or
undertravel.
4.10.3 Hall Call Buttons. Call buttons in elevator
lobbies and halls shall be centered at 42 in (1065 mm) above the floor. Such
call buttons shall have visual signals to indicate when each call is
registered and when each call is answered. Call buttons shall be a minimum of
3/4 in (19 mm) in the smallest dimension. The button designating the up
direction shall be on top. (See Fig. 20.) Buttons shall be
raised or flush. Objects mounted beneath hall call buttons shall not project
into the elevator lobby more than 4 in (100 mm).
4.10.4 Hall Lanterns. A
visible and audible signal shall be provided at each hoistway entrance to
indicate which car is answering a call. Audible signals shall sound once for
the up direction and twice for the down direction or shall have verbal
annunciators that say "up" or "down." Visible signals shall have the following
features:
(1) Hall lantern fixtures shall be mounted so that
their centerline is at least 72 in (1830 mm) above the lobby floor. (See Fig. 20.)
(2) Visual elements shall be at least 2-1/2 in (64
mm) in the smallest dimension.
(3) Signals shall be visible from the vicinity of
the hall call button (see Fig. 20). In-car lanterns located in cars, visible
from the vicinity of hall call buttons, and conforming to the above
requirements, shall be acceptable.
4.10.5 Raised and Braille Characters on
Hoistway Entrances. All elevator hoistway entrances shall have
raised and Braille floor designations provided on both jambs. The centerline
of the characters shall be 60 in (1525 mm) above finish floor. Such characters
shall be 2 in (50 mm) high and shall comply with 4.30.4. Permanently applied
plates are acceptable if they are permanently fixed to the jambs. (See Fig. 20.)
4.10.6* Door Protective and Reopening
Device. Elevator doors shall open and close automatically. They
shall be provided with a reopening device that will stop and reopen a car door
and hoistway door automatically if the door becomes obstructed by an object or
person. The device shall be capable of completing these operations without
requiring contact for an obstruction passing through the opening at heights of
5 in and 29 in (125 mm and 735 mm) above finish floor (See Fig. 20). Door reopening devices
shall remain effective for at least 20 seconds. After such an interval, doors
may close in accordance with the requirements of ASME
A17.1-1990.
4.10.7* Door and Signal Timing for Hall Calls. The
minimum acceptable time from notification that a car is answering a call until
the doors of that car start to close shall be calculated from the following
equation:
T = D/(1.5 ft/s) or T = D/(445
mm/s)
where T total time in seconds and D distance (in
feet or millimeters) from a point in the lobby or corridor 60 in (1525 mm)
directly in front of the farthest call button controlling that car to the
centerline of its hoistway door (see Fig. 21). For cars with in-car
lanterns, T begins when the lantern is visible from the vicinity of hall call
buttons and an audible signal is sounded. The minimum acceptable notification
time shall be 5 seconds.
4.10.8 Door Delay for Car Calls.
The minimum time for elevator doors to remain fully open in response to a
car call shall be 3 seconds.
4.10.9 Floor Plan of Elevator Cars. The floor area
of elevator cars shall provide space for wheelchair users to enter the car,
maneuver within reach of controls, and exit from the car.
Acceptable door opening and inside dimensions shall
be as shown in Fig. 22. The
clearance between the car platform sill and the edge of any hoistway landing
shall be no greater than 1-1/4 in (32 mm).
4.10.10 Floor Surfaces. Floor
surfaces shall comply with 4.5.
4.10.11 Illumination Levels.
The level of illumination at the car controls, platform, and car threshold
and landing sill shall be at least 5 footcandles (53.8 lux).
4.10.12* Car Controls. Elevator control panels
shall have the following features:
(1) Buttons. All control buttons shall be at least
3/4 in (19 mm) in their smallest dimension. They shall be raised or flush.
(2) Tactile, Braille, and Visual Control
Indicators. All control buttons shall be designated by Braille and by raised
standard alphabet characters for letters, arabic characters for numerals, or
standard symbols as shown in Fig. 23(a), and as required in
ASME A17.1-1990. Raised and Braille characters and symbols shall comply with
4.30. The call button for the main entry floor shall be designated by a raised
star at the left of the floor designation (see Fig. 23(a)). All raised
designations for control buttons shall be placed immediately to the left of
the button to which they apply. Applied plates, permanently attached, are an
acceptable means to provide raised control designations. Floor buttons shall
be provided with visual indicators to show when each call is registered. The
visual indicators shall be extinguished when each call is
answered.
(3) Height. All floor buttons shall be no higher
than 54 in (1370 mm) above the finish floor for side approach and 48 in (1220
mm) for front approach. Emergency controls, including the emergency alarm and
emergency stop, shall be grouped at the bottom of the panel and shall have
their centerlines no less than 35 in (890 mm) above the finish floor (see Fig. 23(a) and (b)).
(4) Location. Controls shall be located on a front
wall if cars have center opening doors, and at the side wall or at the front
wall next to the door if cars have side opening doors (see Fig. 23(c) and (d)).
4.10.13* Car Position Indicators.
In elevator cars, a visual car position indicator shall be provided above
the car control panel or over the door to show the position of the elevator in
the hoistway. As the car passes or stops at a floor served by the elevators,
the corresponding numerals shall illuminate, and an audible signal shall
sound. Numerals shall be a minimum of 1/2 in (13 mm) high. The audible signal
shall be no less than 20 decibels with a frequency no higher than 1500 Hz. An
automatic verbal announcement of the floor number at which a car stops or
which a car passes may be substituted for the audible
signal.
4.10.14* Emergency Communications.
If provided, emergency two-way communication systems between the elevator
and a point outside the hoistway shall comply with ASME A17.1-1990. The
highest operable part of a two-way communication system shall be a maximum of
48 in (1220 mm) from the floor of the car. It shall be identified by a raised
symbol and lettering complying with 4.30 and located adjacent to the device.
If the system uses a handset then the length of the cord from the panel to the
handset shall be at least 29 in (735 mm). If the system is located in a closed
compartment the compartment door hardware shall conform to 4.27, Controls and
Operating Mechanisms. The emergency intercommunication system shall not
require voice communication.
4.11
Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts).
4.11.1 Location. Platform
lifts (wheelchair lifts) permitted by 4.1 shall comply with the requirements
of 4.11.
4.11.2* Other Requirements. If
platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) are used, they shall comply with 4.2.4, 4.5,
4.27, and ASME A17.1 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, Section XX,
1990.
4.11.3 Entrance. If platform
lifts are used then they shall facilitate unassisted entry, operation, and
exit from the lift in compliance with 4.11.2.
4.12
Windows.
4.12.1* General.
(Reserved).
4.12.2* Window Hardware.
(Reserved).
4.13
Doors.
4.13.1 General. Doors required
to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with the requirements of
4.13.
4.13.2 Revolving Doors and
Turnstiles. Revolving doors or turnstiles shall not be the only
means of passage at an accessible entrance or along an accessible route. An
accessible gate or door shall be provided adjacent to the turnstile or
revolving door and shall be so designed as to facilitate the same use
pattern.
4.13.3 Gates. Gates, including
ticket gates, shall meet all applicable specifications of
4.13.
4.13.4 Double-Leaf Doorways. If
doorways have two independently operated door leaves, then at least one leaf
shall meet the specifications in 4.13.5 and 4.13.6. That leaf shall be an
active leaf.
4.13.5 Clear Width. Doorways shall have a minimum clear
opening of 32 in (815 mm) with the door open 90 degrees, measured between the
face of the door and the opposite stop (see Fig. 24(a), (b), (c), and (d)). Openings more than 24 in
(610 mm) in depth shall comply with 4.2.1 and 4.3.3 (see Fig.
24(e)).
EXCEPTION: Doors not requiring full user passage,
such as shallow closets, may have the clear opening reduced to 20 in (510 mm)
minimum.
4.13.6 Maneuvering Clearances at Doors. Minimum
maneuvering clearances at doors that are not automatic or power-assisted shall
be as shown in Fig. 25. The
floor or ground area within the required clearances shall be level and
clear.
EXCEPTION: Entry doors to acute care hospital
bedrooms for in-patients shall be exempted from the requirement for space at
the latch side of the door (see dimension "x" in Fig. 25) if the door is at least
44 in (1120 mm) wide.
4.13.7 Two Doors in Series. The minimum space between two
hinged or pivoted doors in series shall be 48 in (1220 mm) plus the width of
any door swinging into the space. Doors in series shall swing either in the
same direction or away from the space between the doors (see Fig. 26).
4.13.8* Thresholds at Doorways.
Thresholds at doorways shall not exceed 3/4 in (19 mm) in height for exterior
sliding doors or 1/2 in (13 mm) for other types of doors. Raised thresholds
and floor level changes at accessible doorways shall be beveled with a slope
no greater than 1:2 (see 4.5.2).
4.13.9* Door Hardware.
Handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operating devices on accessible
doors shall have a shape that is easy to grasp with one hand and does not
require tight grasping, tight pinching, or twisting of the wrist to operate.
Lever-operated mechanisms, push-type mechanisms,
and U-shaped handles are acceptable designs. When sliding doors are fully
open, operating hardware shall be exposed and usable from both sides. Hardware
required for accessible door passage shall be mounted no higher than 48 in
(1220 mm) above finished floor.
4.13.10* Door Closers. If a
door has a closer, then the sweep period of the closer shall be adjusted so
that from an open position of 70 degrees, the door will take at least 3
seconds to move to a point 3 in (75 mm) from the latch, measured to the
leading edge of the door.
4.13.11* Door Opening Force.
The maximum force for pushing or pulling open a door shall be as
follows:
(1) Fire doors shall have the minimum opening force
allowable by the appropriate administrative authority.
(2) Other doors.
(a) exterior hinged doors:
(Reserved).
(b) interior hinged doors: 5 lbf
(22.2N)
(c) sliding or folding doors: 5 lbf
(22.2N)
These forces do not apply to the force required to
retract latch bolts or disengage other devices that may hold the door in a
closed position.
4.13.12* Automatic Doors and Power-Assisted
Doors. If an automatic door is used, then it shall comply with
ANSI/BHMA A156.10-1985. Slowly opening, low-powered, automatic doors shall
comply with ANSI A156.19-1984. Such doors shall not open to back check faster
than 3 seconds and shall require no more than 15 lbf (66.6N) to stop door
movement. If a power-assisted door is used, its door-opening force shall
comply with 4.13.11 and its closing shall conform to the requirements in ANSI
A156.19-1984.
4.14
Entrances.
4.14.1 Minimum Number.
Entrances required to be accessible by 4.1 shall be part of an accessible
route complying with 4.3. Such entrances shall be connected by an accessible
route to public transportation stops, to accessible parking and passenger
loading zones, and to public streets or sidewalks if available (see 4.3.2(1)).
They shall also be connected by an accessible route to all accessible spaces
or elements within the building or facility.
4.14.2 Service Entrances. A
service entrance shall not be the sole accessible entrance unless it is the
only entrance to a building or facility (for example, in a factory or
garage).
4.15
Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers.
4.15.1 Minimum Number.
Drinking fountains or water coolers required to be accessible by 4.1 shall
comply with 4.15.
4.15.2* Spout Height. Spouts
shall be no higher than 36 in (915 mm), measured from the floor or ground
surfaces to the spout outlet (see Fig. 27(a)).
4.15.3 Spout Location. The
spouts of drinking fountains and water coolers shall be at the front of the
unit and shall direct the water flow in a trajectory that is parallel or
nearly parallel to the front of the unit. The spout shall provide a flow of
water at least 4 in (100 mm) high so as to allow the insertion of a cup or
glass under the flow of water. On an accessible drinking fountain with a round
or oval bowl, the spout must be positioned so the flow of water is within 3 in
(75 mm) of the front edge of the fountain.
4.15.4 Controls. Controls
shall comply with 4.27.4. Unit controls shall be front mounted or side mounted
near the front edge.
4.15.5 Clearances.
(1) Wall- and post-mounted cantilevered units shall
have a clear knee space between the bottom of the apron and the floor or
ground at least 27 in (685 mm) high, 30 in (760 mm) wide, and 17 in to 19 in
(430 mm to 485 mm) deep (see Fig. 27(a) and (b)). Such units shall also
have a minimum clear floor space 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) to allow a
person in a wheelchair to approach the unit facing forward.
(2) Free-standing or built-in units not having a
clear space under them shall have a clear floor space at least 30 in by 48 in
(760 mm by 1220 mm) that allows a person in a wheelchair to make a parallel
approach to the unit (see Fig.
27(c) and (d)). This
clear floor space shall comply with 4.2.4.
4.16
Water Closets.
4.16.1 General. Accessible
water closets shall comply with 4.16.
4.16.2 Clear Floor Space. Clear floor space for
water closets not in stalls shall comply with Fig. 28. Clear floor space may
be arranged to allow either a left-handed or right-handed
approach.
4.16.3* Height. The height of
water closets shall be 17 in to 19 in (430 mm to 485 mm), measured to the top
of the toilet seat (see Fig.
29(b)). Seats shall not be sprung to return to a lifted
position.
4.16.4* Grab Bars. Grab bars for water closets not
located in stalls shall comply with 4.26 and Fig. 29. The grab bar behind the
water closet shall be 36 in (915 mm) minimum.
4.16.5* Flush Controls. Flush
controls shall be hand operated or automatic and shall comply with 4.27.4.
Controls for flush valves shall be mounted on the wide side of toilet areas no
more than 44 in (1120 mm) above the floor.
4.16.6 Dispensers. Toilet
paper dispensers shall be installed within reach, as shown in Fig. 29(b). Dispensers that
control delivery, or that do not permit continuous paper flow, shall not be
used.
4.17
Toilet Stalls.
4.17.1 Location. Accessible
toilet stalls shall be on an accessible route and shall meet the requirements
of 4.17.
4.17.2 Water Closets. Water
closets in accessible stalls shall comply with 4.16.
4.17.3* Size and Arrangement. The size and
arrangement of the standard toilet stall shall comply with Fig. 30(a), Standard Stall.
Standard toilet stalls with a minimum depth of 56 in (1420 mm) (see Fig. 30(a)) shall have
wall-mounted water closets. If the depth of a standard toilet stall is
increased at least 3 in (75 mm), then a floor-mounted water closet may be
used. Arrangements shown for standard toilet stalls may be reversed to allow
either a left- or right-hand approach. Additional stalls shall be provided in
conformance with 4.22.4.
EXCEPTION: In instances of alteration work where
provision of a standard stall (Fig. 30(a)) is technically
infeasible or where plumbing code requirements prevent combining existing
stalls to provide space, either alternate stall (Fig. 30(b)) may be provided in
lieu of the standard stall.
4.17.4 Toe Clearances. In
standard stalls, the front partition and at least one side partition shall
provide a toe clearance of at least 9 in (230 mm) above the floor. If the
depth of the stall is greater than 60 in (1525 mm), then the toe clearance is
not required.
4.17.5* Doors. Toilet stall
doors, including door hardware, shall comply with 4.13. If toilet stall
approach is from the latch side of the stall door, clearance between the door
side of the stall and any obstruction may be reduced to a minimum of 42 in
(1065 mm) (Fig.
30).
4.17.6 Grab Bars. Grab bars
complying with the length and positioning shown in Fig. 30(a), (b), (c), and (d) shall be provided. Grab
bars may be mounted with any desired method as long as they have a gripping
surface at the locations shown and do not obstruct the required clear floor
area. Grab bars shall comply with 4.26.
4.18
Urinals.
4.18.1 General. Accessible
urinals shall comply with 4.18.
4.18.2 Height. Urinals shall
be stall-type or wall-hung with an elongated rim at a maximum of 17 in (430
mm) above the finish floor.
4.18.3 Clear Floor Space. A
clear floor space 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) shall be provided in
front of urinals to allow forward approach. This clear space shall adjoin or
overlap an accessible route and shall comply with 4.2.4. Urinal shields that
do not extend beyond the front edge of the urinal rim may be provided with 29
in (735 mm) clearance between them.
4.18.4 Flush Controls. Flush
controls shall be hand operated or automatic, and shall comply with 4.27.4,
and shall be mounted no more than 44 in (1120 mm) above the finish
floor.
4.19
Lavatories and Mirrors.
4.19.1 General. The
requirements of 4.19 shall apply to lavatory fixtures, vanities, and built-in
lavatories.
4.19.2 Height and Clearances. Lavatories shall be mounted
with the rim or counter surface no higher than 34 in (865 mm) above the finish
floor. Provide a clearance of at least 29 in (735 mm) above the finish floor
to the bottom of the apron. Knee and toe clearance shall comply with Fig. 31.
4.19.3 Clear Floor
Space. A clear floor space 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm)
complying with 4.2.4 shall be provided in front of a lavatory to allow forward
approach. Such clear floor space shall adjoin or overlap an accessible route
and shall extend a maximum of 19 in (485 mm) underneath the lavatory (see Fig. 32).
4.19.4 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces.
Hot water and drain pipes under lavatories shall be insulated or otherwise
configured to protect against contact. There shall be no sharp or abrasive
surfaces under lavatories.
4.19.5 Faucets. Faucets shall
comply with 4.27.4. Lever-operated, push-type, and electronically controlled
mechanisms are examples of acceptable designs. If self-closing valves are used
the faucet shall remain open for at least 10 seconds.
4.19.6* Mirrors. Mirrors shall
be mounted with the bottom edge of the reflecting surface no higher than 40 in
(1015 mm) above the finish floor (see Fig. 31).
4.20
Bathtubs.
4.20.1 General. Accessible
bathtubs shall comply with 4.20.
4.20.2 Floor
Space. Clear floor space in front of bathtubs shall be as shown
in Fig.
33.
4.20.3 Seat. An in-tub seat or
a seat at the head end of the tub shall be provided as shown in Fig. 33 and 34. The structural strength of
seats and their attachments shall comply with 4.26.3. Seats shall be mounted
securely and shall not slip during use.
4.20.4 Grab Bars. Grab bars complying with 4.26
shall be provided as shown in Fig. 33 and 34.
4.20.5 Controls. Faucets and
other controls complying with 4.27.4 shall be located as shown in Fig. 34.
4.20.6 Shower Unit. A shower
spray unit with a hose at least 60 in (1525 mm) long that can be used both as
a fixed shower head and as a hand-held shower shall be
provided.
4.20.7 Bathtub Enclosures. If
provided, enclosures for bathtubs shall not obstruct controls or transfer from
wheelchairs onto bathtub seats or into tubs. Enclosures on bathtubs shall not
have tracks mounted on their rims.
4.21
Shower Stalls.
4.21.1* General. Accessible
shower stalls shall comply with 4.21.
4.21.2 Size and Clearances. Except as specified in
9.1.2, shower stall size and clear floor space shall comply with Fig. 35(a) or (b). The shower stall in Fig. 35(a) shall be 36 in by 36
in (915 mm by 915 mm). Shower stalls required by 9.1.2 shall comply with Fig. 57(a) or (b). The shower stall in Fig. 35(b) will fit into the
space required for a bathtub.
4.21.3 Seat. A seat shall be provided in shower
stalls 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm) and shall be as shown in Fig. 36. The seat shall be
mounted 17 in to 19 in (430 mm to 485 mm) from the bathroom floor and shall
extend the full depth of the stall. In a 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm)
shower stall, the seat shall be on the wall opposite the controls. Where a
fixed seat is provided in a 30 in by 60 in minimum (760 mm by 1525 mm) shower
stall, it shall be a folding type and shall be mounted on the wall adjacent to
the controls as shown in Fig.
57. The structural strength of seats and their attachments shall comply
with 4.26.3.
4.21.4 Grab Bars. Grab bars complying with 4.26
shall be provided as shown in Fig. 37.
4.21.5 Controls. Faucets and
other controls complying with 4.27.4 shall be located as shown in Fig. 37. In shower stalls 36 in
by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm), all controls, faucets, and the shower unit shall
be mounted on the side wall opposite the seat.
4.21.6 Shower Unit. A shower
spray unit with a hose at least 60 in (1525 mm) long that can be used both as
a fixed shower head and as a hand-held shower shall be
provided.
EXCEPTION: In unmonitored facilities where
vandalism is a consideration, a fixed shower head mounted at 48 in (1220 mm)
above the shower floor may be used in lieu of a hand-held shower
head.
4.21.7 Curbs. If provided,
curbs in shower stalls 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm) shall be no higher
than 1/2 in (13 mm). Shower stalls that are 30 in by 60 in (760 mm by 1525 mm)
minimum shall not have curbs.
4.21.8 Shower Enclosures. If
provided, enclosures for shower stalls shall not obstruct controls or obstruct
transfer from wheelchairs onto shower seats.
4.22
Toilet Rooms.
4.22.1 Minimum Number. Toilet
facilities required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.22. Accessible
toilet rooms shall be on an accessible route.
4.22.2 Doors. All doors to
accessible toilet rooms shall comply with 4.13. Doors shall not swing into the
clear floor space required for any fixture.
4.22.3* Clear Floor Space. The
accessible fixtures and controls required in 4.22.4, 4.22.5, 4.22.6, and
4.22.7 shall be on an accessible route. An unobstructed turning space
complying with 4.2.3 shall be provided within an accessible toilet room. The
clear floor space at fixtures and controls, the accessible route, and the
turning space may overlap.
4.22.4 Water Closets. If
toilet stalls are provided, then at least one shall be a standard toilet stall
complying with 4.17; where 6 or more stalls are provided, in addition to the
stall complying with 4.17.3, at least one stall 36 in (915 mm) wide with an
outward swinging, self-closing door and parallel grab bars complying with Fig. 30(d) and 4.26 shall be
provided. Water closets in such stalls shall comply with 4.16. If water
closets are not in stalls, then at least one shall comply with
4.16.
4.22.5 Urinals. If urinals are
provided, then at least one shall comply with 4.18.
4.22.6 Lavatories and Mirrors. If
lavatories and mirrors are provided, then at least one of each shall comply
with 4.19.
4.22.7 Controls and Dispensers.
If controls, dispensers, receptacles, or other equipment are provided,
then at least one of each shall be on an accessible route and shall comply
with 4.27.
4.23
Bathrooms, Bathing Facilities, and Shower Rooms.
4.23.1 Minimum Number.
Bathrooms, bathing facilities, or shower rooms required to be accessible
by 4.1 shall comply with 4.23 and shall be on an accessible
route.
4.23.2 Doors. Doors to
accessible bathrooms shall comply with 4.13. Doors shall not swing into the
floor space required for any fixture.
4.23.3* Clear Floor Space. The
accessible fixtures and controls required in 4.23.4, 4.23.5, 4.23.6, 4.23.7,
4.23.8, and 4.23.9 shall be on an accessible route. An unobstructed turning
space complying with 4.2.3 shall be provided within an accessible bathroom.
The clear floor spaces at fixtures and controls, the accessible route, and the
turning space may overlap.
4.23.4 Water Closets. If
toilet stalls are provided, then at least one shall be a standard toilet stall
complying with 4.17; where 6 or more stalls are provided, in addition to the
stall complying with 4.17.3, at least one stall 36 in (915 mm) wide with an
outward swinging, self-closing door and parallel grab bars complying with Fig. 30(d) and 4.26 shall be
provided. Water closets in such stalls shall comply with 4.16. If water
closets are not in stalls, then at least one shall comply with
4.16.
4.23.5 Urinals. If urinals are
provided, then at least one shall comply with 4.18.
4.23.6 Lavatories and Mirrors.
If lavatories and mirrors are provided, then at least one of each shall
comply with 4.19.
4.23.7 Controls and Dispensers.
If controls, dispensers, receptacles, or other equipment are provided,
then at least one of each shall be on an accessible route and shall comply
with 4.27.
4.23.8 Bathing and Shower
Facilities. If tubs or showers are provided, then at least one
accessible tub that complies with 4.20 or at least one accessible shower that
complies with 4.21 shall be provided.
4.23.9* Medicine Cabinets. If
medicine cabinets are provided, at least one shall be located with a usable
shelf no higher than 44 in (1120 mm) above the floor space. The floor space
shall comply with 4.2.4.
4.24
Sinks.
4.24.1 General. Sinks required
to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.24.
4.24.2 Height. Sinks shall be mounted
with the counter or rim no higher than 34 in (865 mm) above the finish
floor.
4.24.3 Knee Clearance. Knee
clearance that is at least 27 in (685 mm) high, 30 in (760 mm) wide, and 19 in
(485 mm) deep shall be provided underneath sinks.
4.24.4 Depth. Each sink shall
be a maximum of 6-1/2 in (165 mm) deep.
4.24.5 Clear Floor Space. A
clear floor space at least 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) complying with
4.2.4 shall be provided in front of a sink to allow forward approach. The
clear floor space shall be on an accessible route and shall extend a maximum
of 19 in (485 mm) underneath the sink (see Fig. 32).
4.24.6 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces.
Hot water and drain pipes exposed under sinks shall be insulated or
otherwise configured so as to protect against contact. There shall be no sharp
or abrasive surfaces under sinks.
4.24.7 Faucets. Faucets shall
comply with 4.27.4. Lever-operated, push-type, touch-type, or electronically
controlled mechanisms are acceptable designs.
4.25
Storage.
4.25.1 General. Fixed storage
facilities such as cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers required to be
accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.25.
4.25.2 Clear Floor Space. A
clear floor space at least 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) complying with
4.2.4 that allows either a forward or parallel approach by a person using a
wheelchair shall be provided at accessible storage
facilities.
4.25.3 Height. Accessible storage spaces shall be
within at least one of the reach ranges specified in 4.2.5 and 4.2.6 (see Fig. 5 and Fig 6). Clothes rods or shelves
shall be a maximum of 54 in (1370 mm) above the finish floor for a side
approach. Where the distance from the wheelchair to the clothes rod or shelf
exceeds 10 in (255 mm) (as in closets without accessible doors) the height and
depth to the rod or shelf shall comply with Fig. 38(a) and Fig.
38(b).
4.25.4 Hardware. Hardware for
accessible storage facilities shall comply with 4.27.4. Touch latches and
U-shaped pulls are acceptable.
4.26
Handrails, Grab Bars, and Tub and Shower Seats.
4.26.1* General. All
handrails, grab bars, and tub and shower seats required to be accessible by
4.1, 4.8, 4.9, 4.16, 4.17, 4.20 or 4.21 shall comply with
4.26.
4.26.2* Size and Spacing of Grab Bars and Handrails.
The diameter or width of the gripping surfaces of a handrail or grab bar
shall be 1-1/4 in to 1-1/2 in (32 mm to 38 mm), or the shape shall provide an
equivalent gripping surface. If handrails or grab bars are mounted adjacent to
a wall, the space between the wall and the grab bar shall be 1-1/2 in (38 mm)
(see Fig. 39(a), (b), (c), and (e)). Handrails may be located
in a recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 in (75 mm) deep and extends at
least 18 in (455 mm) above the top of the rail (see Fig.
39(d)).
4.26.3 Structural Strength.
The structural strength of grab bars, tub and shower seats, fasteners, and
mounting devices shall meet the following specification:
(1) Bending stress in a grab bar or seat induced by
the maximum bending moment from the application of 250 lbf (1112N) shall be
less than the allowable stress for the material of the grab bar or
seat.
(2) Shear stress induced in a grab bar or seat by
the application of 250 lbf (1112N) shall be less than the allowable shear
stress for the material of the grab bar or seat. If the connection between the
grab bar or seat and its mounting bracket or other support is considered to be
fully restrained, then direct and torsional shear stresses shall be totaled
for the combined shear stress, which shall not exceed the allowable shear
stress.
(3) Shear force induced in a fastener or mounting
device from the application of 250 lbf (1112N) shall be less than the
allowable lateral load of either the fastener or mounting device or the
supporting structure, whichever is the smaller allowable load.
(4) Tensile force induced in a fastener by a direct
tension force of 250 lbf (1112N) plus the maximum moment from the application
of 250 lbf (1112N) shall be less than the allowable withdrawal load between
the fastener and the supporting structure.
(5) Grab bars shall not rotate within their
fittings.
4.26.4 Eliminating Hazards. A
handrail or grab bar and any wall or other surface adjacent to it shall be
free of any sharp or abrasive elements. Edges shall have a minimum radius of
1/8 in (3.2 mm).
4.27
Controls and Operating Mechanisms.
4.27.1 General. Controls and
operating mechanisms required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with
4.27.
4.27.2 Clear Floor Space.
Clear floor space complying with 4.2.4 that allows a forward or a parallel
approach by a person using a wheelchair shall be provided at controls,
dispensers, receptacles, and other operable equipment.
4.27.3* Height. The highest
operable part of controls, dispensers, receptacles, and other operable
equipment shall be placed within at least one of the reach ranges specified in
4.2.5 and 4.2.6. Electrical and communications system receptacles on walls
shall be mounted no less than 15 in (380 mm) above the floor.
EXCEPTION: These requirements do not apply where
the use of special equipment dictates otherwise or where electrical and
communications systems receptacles are not normally intended for use by
building occupants.
4.27.4 Operation. Controls and
operating mechanisms shall be operable with one hand and shall not require
tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to
activate controls shall be no greater than 5 lbf (22.2
N).
4.28
Alarms.
4.28.1 General. Alarm systems
required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.28. At a minimum, visual
signal appliances shall be provided in buildings and facilities in each of the
following areas: restrooms and any other general usage areas (e.g., meeting
rooms), hallways, lobbies, and any other area for common
use.
4.28.2* Audible Alarms. If
provided, audible emergency alarms shall produce a sound that exceeds the
prevailing equivalent sound level in the room or space by at least 15 dbA or
exceeds any maximum sound level with a duration of 60 seconds by 5 dbA,
whichever is louder. Sound levels for alarm signals shall not exceed 120
dbA.
4.28.3* Visual Alarms. Visual
alarm signal appliances shall be integrated into the building or facility
alarm system. If single station audible alarms are provided then single
station visual alarm signals shall be provided. Visual alarm signals shall
have the following minimum photometric and location features:
(1) The lamp shall be a xenon strobe type or
equivalent.
(2) The color shall be clear or nominal white
(i.e., unfiltered or clear filtered white light).
(3) The maximum pulse duration shall be two-tenths
of one second (0.2 sec) with a maximum duty cycle of 40 percent. The pulse
duration is defined as the time interval between initial and final points of
10 percent of maximum signal.
(4) The intensity shall be a minimum of 75 candela.
(5) The flash rate shall be a minimum of 1 Hz and a
maximum of 3 Hz.
(6) The appliance shall be placed 80 in (2030 mm)
above the highest floor level within the space or 6 in (152 mm) below the
ceiling, whichever is lower.
(7) In general, no place in any room or space
required to have a visual signal appliance shall be more than 50 ft (15 m)
from the signal (in the horizontal plane). In large rooms and spaces exceeding
100 ft (30 m) across, without obstructions 6 ft (2 m) above the finish floor,
such as auditoriums, devices may be placed around the perimeter, spaced a
maximum 100 ft (30 m) apart, in lieu of suspending appliances from the
ceiling.
(8) No place in common corridors or hallways in
which visual alarm signalling appliances are required shall be more than 50 ft
(15 m) from the signal.
4.28.4* Auxiliary Alarms.
Units and sleeping accommodations shall have a visual alarm connected to
the building emergency alarm system or shall have a standard 110-volt
electrical receptacle into which such an alarm can be connected and a means by
which a signal from the building emergency alarm system can trigger such an
auxiliary alarm. When visual alarms are in place the signal shall be visible
in all areas of the unit or room. Instructions for use of the auxiliary alarm
or receptacle shall be provided.
4.29
Detectable Warnings.
4.29.1 General. Detectable warnings
required by 4.1 and 4.7 shall comply with 4.29.
4.29.2* Detectable Warnings on Walking
Surfaces. Detectable warnings shall consist of raised truncated domes
with a diameter of nominal 0.9 in (23 mm), a height of nominal 0.2 in (5 mm)
and a center-to-center spacing of nominal 2.35 in (60 mm) and shall contrast
visually with adjoining surfaces, either light-on-dark, or
dark-on-light.
The material used to provide contrast shall be an
integral part of the walking surface. Detectable warnings used on interior
surfaces shall differ from adjoining walking surfaces in resiliency or
sound-on-cane contact.
4.29.3 Detectable Warnings on Doors To
Hazardous Areas. (Reserved).
4.29.4 Detectable Warnings at Stairs.
(Reserved).
4.29.5 Detectable Warnings at Hazardous
Vehicular Areas. If a walk crosses or adjoins a vehicular way, and the
walking surfaces are not separated by curbs, railings, or other elements
between the pedestrian areas and vehicular areas, the boundary between the
areas shall be defined by a continuous detectable warning which is 36 in (915
mm) wide, complying with 4.29.2.
4.29.6 Detectable Warnings at Reflecting
Pools. The edges of reflecting pools shall be protected by railings,
walls, curbs, or detectable warnings complying with 4.29.2.
4.29.7 Standardization.
(Reserved).
4.30
Signage.
4.30.1* General. Signage required to
be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with the applicable provisions of
4.30.
4.30.2* Character Proportion. Letters
and numbers on signs shall have a width-to-height ratio between 3:5 and 1:1
and a stroke-width-to-height ratio between 1:5 and 1:10.
4.30.3 Character Height. Characters
and numbers on signs shall be sized according to the viewing distance from
which they are to be read. The minimum height is measured using an upper case
X. Lower case characters are permitted.
|
Height Above Finished Floor
|
Minimum Character
Height |
Suspended or Projected
Overhead in
compliance with 4.4.2 |
3 in (75 mm)
minimum |
4.30.4* Raised and Brailled Characters and
Pictorial Symbol Signs (Pictograms). Letters and numerals shall be
raised 1/32 in, upper case, sans serif or simple serif type and shall be
accompanied with Grade 2 Braille. Raised characters shall be at least 5/8 in
(16 mm) high, but no higher than 2 in (50 mm). Pictograms shall be accompanied
by the equivalent verbal description placed directly below the pictogram. The
border dimension of the pictogram shall be 6 in (152 mm) minimum in
height.
4.30.5* Finish and Contrast. The
characters and background of signs shall be eggshell, matte, or other
non-glare finish. Characters and symbols shall contrast with their background
--either light characters on a dark background or dark characters on a light
background.
4.30.6 Mounting Location and Height.
Where permanent identification is provided for rooms and spaces, signs
shall be installed on the wall adjacent to the latch side of the door. Where
there is no wall space to the latch side of the door, including at double leaf
doors, signs shall be placed on the nearest adjacent wall. Mounting height
shall be 60 in (1525 mm) above the finish floor to the centerline of the sign.
Mounting location for such signage shall be so that a person may approach
within 3 in (76 mm) of signage without encountering protruding objects or
standing within the swing of a door.
4.30.7* Symbols of
Accessibility.
(1) Facilities and elements required to be
identified as accessible by 4.1 shall use the international symbol of
accessibility. The symbol shall be displayed as shown in Fig. 43(a) and (b).
(2) Volume Control Telephones. Telephones required
to have a volume control by 4.1.3(17)(b) shall be identified by a sign
containing a depiction of a telephone handset with radiating sound
waves.
(3) Text Telephones. Text telephones required by
4.1.3(17)(c) shall be identified by the international TDD symbol (Fig 43(c)). In addition, if a
facility has a public text telephone, directional signage indicating the
location of the nearest text telephone shall be placed adjacent to all banks
of telephones which do not contain a text telephone. Such directional signage
shall include the international TDD symbol. If a facility has no banks of
telephones, the directional signage shall be provided at the entrance (e.g.,
in a building directory).
(4) Assistive Listening Systems. In assembly areas
where permanently installed assistive listening systems are required by
4.1.3(19)(b) the availability of such systems shall be identified with signage
that includes the international symbol of access for hearing loss (Fig 43(d)).
4.30.8* Illumination Levels.
(Reserved).
4.31
Telephones.
4.31.1 General. Public telephones
required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.31.
4.31.2 Clear Floor or
Ground Space. A clear floor or ground space at least 30 in by 48 in
(760 mm by 1220 mm) that allows either a forward or parallel approach by a
person using a wheelchair shall be provided at telephones (see Fig. 44). The clear floor or
ground space shall comply with 4.2.4. Bases, enclosures, and fixed seats shall
not impede approaches to telephones by people who use
wheelchairs.
4.31.3* Mounting Height. The highest
operable part of the telephone shall be within the reach ranges specified in
4.2.5 or 4.2.6.
4.31.4 Protruding Objects. Telephones
shall comply with 4.4.
4.31.5 Hearing Aid Compatible and Volume
Control Telephones Required by 4.1.
(1) Telephones shall be hearing aid
compatible.
(2) Volume controls, capable of a minimum of 12 dbA
and a maximum of 18 dbA above normal, shall be provided in accordance with
4.1.3. If an automatic reset is provided then 18 dbA may be
exceeded.
4.31.6 Controls. Telephones shall
have pushbutton controls where service for such equipment is
available.
4.31.7 Telephone Books. Telephone
books, if provided, shall be located in a position that complies with the
reach ranges specified in 4.2.5 and 4.2.6.
4.31.8 Cord Length. The cord from the
telephone to the handset shall be at least 29 in (735 mm)
long.
4.31.9* Text Telephones Required by
4.1.
(1) Text telephones used with a pay telephone shall
be permanently affixed within, or adjacent to, the telephone enclosure. If an
acoustic coupler is used, the telephone cord shall be sufficiently long to
allow connection of the text telephone and the telephone
receiver.
(2) Pay telephones designed to accommodate a
portable text telephone shall be equipped with a shelf and an electrical
outlet within or adjacent to the telephone enclosure. The telephone handset
shall be capable of being placed flush on the surface of the shelf. The shelf
shall be capable of accommodating a text telephone and shall have 6 in (152
mm) minimum vertical clearance in the area where the text telephone is to be
placed.
(3) Equivalent facilitation may be provided. For
example, a portable text telephone may be made available in a hotel at the
registration desk if it is available on a 24-hour basis for use with nearby
public pay telephones. In this instance, at least one pay telephone shall
comply with paragraph 2 of this section. In addition, if an acoustic coupler
is used, the telephone handset cord shall be sufficiently long so as to allow
connection of the text telephone and the telephone receiver. Directional
signage shall be provided and shall comply with 4.30.7.
4.32
Fixed or Built-in Seating and Tables.
4.32.1 Minimum Number. Fixed or
built-in seating or tables required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with
4.32.
4.32.2 Seating.
If seating spaces for people in wheelchairs are provided at fixed tables
or counters, clear floor space complying with 4.2.4 shall be provided. Such
clear floor space shall not overlap knee space by more than 19 in (485 mm)
(see Fig. 45).
4.32.3 Knee Clearances. If seating
for people in wheelchairs is provided at tables or counters, knee spaces at
least 27 in (685 mm) high, 30 in (760 mm) wide, and 19 in (485 mm) deep shall
be provided (see Fig.
45).
4.32.4* Height of Tables or Counters.
The tops of accessible tables and counters shall be from 28 in to 34 in
(710 mm to 865 mm) above the finish floor or ground.
4.33
Assembly Areas.
4.33.1 Minimum Number. Assembly and
associated areas required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with
4.33.
4.33.2* Size of
Wheelchair Locations. Each wheelchair location shall provide minimum
clear ground or floor spaces as shown in Fig. 46.
4.33.3* Placement of Wheelchair
Locations. Wheelchair areas shall be an integral part of any fixed
seating plan and shall be provided so as to provide people with physical
disabilities a choice of admission prices and lines of sight comparable to
those for members of the general public. They shall adjoin an accessible route
that also serves as a means of egress in case of emergency. At least one
companion fixed seat shall be provided next to each wheelchair seating area.
When the seating capacity exceeds 300, wheelchair spaces shall be provided in
more than one location. Readily removable seats may be installed in wheelchair
spaces when the spaces are not required to accommodate wheelchair
users.
EXCEPTION: Accessible viewing positions may be
clustered for bleachers, balconies, and other areas having sight lines that
require slopes of greater than 5 percent. Equivalent accessible viewing
positions may be located on levels having accessible egress.
4.33.4 Surfaces. The ground or floor
at wheelchair locations shall be level and shall comply with
4.5.
4.33.5 Access to Performing Areas. An
accessible route shall connect wheelchair seating locations with performing
areas, including stages, arena floors, dressing rooms, locker rooms, and other
spaces used by performers.
4.33.6* Placement of Listening Systems.
If the listening system provided serves individual fixed seats, then such
seats shall be located within a 50 ft (15 m) viewing distance of the stage or
playing area and shall have a complete view of the stage or playing
area.
4.33.7* Types of Listening Systems.
Assistive listening systems (ALS) are intended to augment standard public
address and audio systems by providing signals which can be received directly
by persons with special receivers or their own hearing aids and which
eliminate or filter background noise. The type of assistive listening system
appropriate for a particular application depends on the characteristics of the
setting, the nature of the program, and the intended audience. Magnetic
induction loops, infra-red and radio frequency systems are types of listening
systems which are appropriate for various applications.
4.34
Automated Teller Machines.
4.34.1 General. Each automated teller
machine required to be accessible by 4.1.3 shall be on an accessible route and
shall comply with 4.34.
4.34.2 Clear Floor Space. The
automated teller machine shall be located so that clear floor space complying
with 4.2.4 is provided to allow a person using a wheelchair to make a forward
approach, a parallel approach, or both, to the machine.
4.34.3 Reach
Ranges.
(1) Forward Approach Only. If only a forward
approach is possible, operable parts of all controls shall be placed within
the forward reach range specified in 4.2.5.
(2) Parallel Approach Only. If only a
parallel approach is possible, operable parts of controls shall be placed as
follows:
(a) Reach Depth Not More Than 10 in (255 mm). Where
the reach depth to the operable parts of all controls as measured from the
vertical plane perpendicular to the edge of the unobstructed clear floor space
at the farthest protrusion of the automated teller machine or surround is not
more than 10 in (255 mm), the maximum height above the finished floor or grade
shall be 54 in (1370 mm).
(b) Reach Depth More Than 10 in (255 mm). Where the
reach depth to the operable parts of any control as measured from the vertical
plane perpendicular to the edge of the unobstructed clear floor space at the
farthest protrusion of the automated teller machine or surround is more than
10 in (255 mm), the maximum height above the finished floor or grade shall be
as follows:
|
Reach
Depth |
Maximum
Height |
In
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24 |
Mm
255
280
305
330
355
380
405
430
455
485
510
535
560
585
610 |
In
54
53
1/2
53
52 1/2
51
1/2
51
50 1/2
50
49
1/2
49
48 1/2
47
1/2
47
46 1/2
46 |
Mm
1370
1360
1345
1335
1310
1295
1285
1270
1255
1245
1230
1205
1195
1180
1170 |
(3) Forward and Parallel Approach. If both a
forward and parallel approach are possible, operable parts of controls shall
be placed within at least one of the reach ranges in paragraphs (1) or (2) of
this section.
(4) Bins. Where bins are provided, for envelopes,
waste paper, or other purposes, at least one of each type provided shall
comply with the applicable reach ranges in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this
section.
EXCEPTION: Where a function can be performed in a
substantially equivalent manner by using an alternate control, only one of the
controls needed to perform that function is required to comply with this
section. If the controls are identified by tactile markings, such markings
shall be provided on both controls.
4.34.4 Controls. Controls for user
activation shall comply with 4.27.4.
4.34.5 Equipment for Persons with Vision
Impairments. Instructions and all information for use shall be made
accessible to and independently usable by persons with vision
impairments.
4.35
Dressing and Fitting Rooms.
4.35.1 General. Dressing and fitting
rooms required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.35 and shall be on
an accessible route.
4.35.2 Clear Floor Space. A clear
floor space allowing a person using a wheelchair to make a 180-degree turn
shall be provided in every accessible dressing room entered through a swinging
or sliding door. No door shall swing into any part of the turning space.
Turning space shall not be required in a private dressing room entered through
a curtained opening at least 32 in (815 mm) wide if clear floor space
complying with section 4.2 renders the dressing room usable by a person using
a wheelchair.
4.35.3 Doors. All doors to accessible
dressing rooms shall be in compliance with section 4.13.
4.35.4 Bench. Every accessible
dressing room shall have a 24 in by 48 in (610 mm by 1220 mm) bench fixed to
the wall along the longer dimension. The bench shall be mounted 17 in to 19 in
(430 mm to 485 mm) above the finish floor. Clear floor space shall be provided
alongside the bench to allow a person using a wheelchair to make a parallel
transfer onto the bench. The structural strength of the bench and attachments
shall comply with 4.26.3. Where installed in conjunction with showers,
swimming pools, or other wet locations, water shall not accumulate upon the
surface of the bench and the bench shall have a slip-resistant
surface.
4.35.5 Mirror. Where mirrors are
provided in dressing rooms of the same use, then in an accessible dressing
room, a full-length mirror, measuring at least 18 in wide by 54 in high (460
mm by 1370 mm), shall be mounted in a position affording a view to a person on
the bench as well as to a person in a standing position.
NOTE: Sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.7 and sections 5
through 10 are different from ANSI A117.1 in their entirety and are printed in
standard type.
5.
RESTAURANTS AND CAFETERIAS.
5.1* General. Except as specified or
modified in this section, restaurants and cafeterias shall comply with the
requirements of 4.1 to 4.35. Where fixed tables (or dining counters where food
is consumed but there is no service) are provided, at least 5 percent, but not
less than one, of the fixed tables (or a portion of the dining counter) shall
be accessible and shall comply with 4.32 as required in 4.1.3(18). In
establishments where separate areas are designated for smoking and non-smoking
patrons, the required number of accessible fixed tables (or counters) shall be
proportionally distributed between the smoking and non-smoking areas. In new
construction, and where practicable in alterations, accessible fixed tables
(or counters) shall be distributed throughout the space or
facility.
5.2 Counters and Bars. Where food or
drink is served at counters exceeding 34 in (865 mm) in height for consumption
by customers seated on stools or standing at the counter, a portion of the
main counter which is 60 in (1525 mm) in length minimum shall be provided in
compliance with 4.32 or service shall be available at accessible tables within
the same area.
5.3 Access Aisles. All accessible
fixed tables shall be accessible by means of an access aisle at least 36 in
(915 mm) clear between parallel edges of tables or between a wall and the
table edges.
5.4 Dining Areas. In new
construction, all dining areas, including raised or sunken dining areas,
loggias, and outdoor seating areas, shall be accessible. In non-elevator
buildings, an accessible means of vertical access to the mezzanine is not
required under the following conditions: 1) the area of mezzanine seating
measures no more than 33 percent of the area of the total accessible seating
area; 2) the same services and decor are provided in an accessible space
usable by the general public; and, 3) the accessible areas are not restricted
to use by people with disabilities. In alterations, accessibility to raised or
sunken dining areas, or to all parts of outdoor seating areas is not required
provided that the same services and decor are provided in an accessible space
usable by the general public and are not restricted to use by people with
disabilities.
5.5 Food Service
Lines. Food service lines shall have a minimum clear width of 36 in
(915 mm), with a preferred clear width of 42 in (1065 mm) to allow passage
around a person using a wheelchair. Tray slides shall be mounted no higher
than 34 in (865 mm) above the floor (see Fig. 53). If self-service
shelves are provided, at least 50 percent of each type must be within reach
ranges specified in 4.2.5 and 4.2.6.
5.6 Tableware and
Condiment Areas. Self-service shelves and dispensing devices for
tableware, dishware, condiments, food and beverages shall be installed to
comply with 4.2 (see Fig.
54).
5.7 Raised Platforms. In banquet
rooms or spaces where a head table or speaker's lectern is located on a raised
platform, the platform shall be accessible in compliance with 4.8 or 4.11.
Open edges of a raised platform shall be protected by placement of tables or
by a curb.
5.8 Vending Machines and Other Equipment.
Spaces for vending machines and other equipment shall comply with 4.2 and
shall be located on an accessible route.
5.9 Quiet Areas.
(Reserved).
6.
MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES.
6.1 General. Medical care facilities
included in this section are those in which people receive physical or medical
treatment or care and where persons may need assistance in responding to an
emergency and where the period of stay may exceed twenty-four hours. In
addition to the requirements of 4.1 through 4.35, medical care facilities and
buildings shall comply with 6.
(1) Hospitals - general purpose hospitals,
psychiatric facilities, detoxification facilities - At least 10 percent of
patient bedrooms and toilets, and all public use and common use areas are
required to be designed and constructed to be accessible.
(2) Hospitals and rehabilitation facilities that
specialize in treating conditions that affect mobility, or units within either
that specialize in treating conditions that affect mobility - All patient
bedrooms and toilets, and all public use and common use areas are required to
be designed and constructed to be accessible.
(3) Long term care facilities, nursing homes - At
least 50 percent of patient bedrooms and toilets, and all public use and
common use areas are required to be designed and constructed to be
accessible.
(4) Alterations to patient bedrooms.
(a) When patient bedrooms are being added or
altered as part of a planned renovation of an entire wing, a department, or
other discrete area of an existing medical facility, a percentage of the
patient bedrooms that are being added or altered shall comply with 6.3. The
percentage of accessible rooms provided shall be consistent with the
percentage of rooms required to be accessible by the applicable requirements
of 6.1(1), 6.1(2), or 6.1(3), until the number of accessible patient bedrooms
in the facility equals the overall number that would be required if the
facility were newly constructed. (For example, if 20 patient bedrooms are
being altered in the obstetrics department of a hospital, 2 of the altered
rooms must be made accessible. If, within the same hospital, 20 patient
bedrooms are being altered in a unit that specializes in treating mobility
impairments, all of the altered rooms must be made accessible.) Where
toilet/bathrooms are part of patient bedrooms which are added or altered and
required to be accessible, each such patient toilet/bathroom shall comply with
6.4.
(b) When patient bedrooms are being added or
altered individually, and not as part of an alteration of the entire area, the
altered patient bedrooms shall comply with 6.3, unless either: a) the number
of accessible rooms provided in the department or area containing the altered
patient bedroom equals the number of accessible patient bedrooms that would be
required if the percentage requirements of 6.1(1), 6.1(2), or 6.1(3) were
applied to that department or area; or b) the number of accessible patient
bedrooms in the facility equals the overall number that would be required if
the facility were newly constructed. Where toilet/bathrooms are part of
patient bedrooms which are added or altered and required to be accessible,
each such toilet/bathroom shall comply with 6.4.
6.2 Entrances. At least one
accessible entrance that complies with 4.14 shall be protected from the
weather by canopy or roof overhang. Such entrances shall incorporate a
passenger loading zone that complies with 4.6.6.
6.3 Patient Bedrooms. Provide
accessible patient bedrooms in compliance with 4.1 through 4.35. Accessible
patient bedrooms shall comply with the following:
(1) Each bedroom shall have a door that complies
with 4.13.
EXCEPTION: Entry doors to acute care hospital
bedrooms for in-patients shall be exempted from the requirement in 4.13.6 for
maneuvering space at the latch side of the door if the door is at least 44 in
(1120 mm) wide.
(2) Each bedroom shall have adequate space to
provide a maneuvering space that complies with 4.2.3. In rooms with 2 beds, it
is preferable that this space be located between beds.
(3) Each bedroom shall have adequate space to
provide a minimum clear floor space of 36 in (915 mm) along each side of the
bed and to provide an accessible route complying with 4.3.3 to each side of
each bed.
6.4 Patient Toilet Rooms. Where
toilet/bath rooms are provided as a part of a patient bedroom, each patient
bedroom that is required to be accessible shall have an accessible toilet/bath
room that complies with 4.22 or 4.23 and shall be on an accessible
route.
7.
BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE.
7.1 General. In addition to the
requirements of 4.1 to 4.35, the design of all areas used for business
transactions with the public shall comply with 7.
7.2 Sales and Service Counters, Teller
Windows, Information Counters.
(1) In department stores and miscellaneous retail
stores where counters have cash registers and are provided for sales or
distribution of goods or services to the public, at least one of each type
shall have a portion of the counter which is at least 36 in (915mm) in length
with a maximum height of 36 in (915 mm) above the finish floor. It shall be on
an accessible route complying with 4.3. The accessible counters must be
dispersed throughout the building or facility. In alterations where it is
technically infeasible to provide an accessible counter, an auxiliary counter
meeting these requirements may be provided.
(2) At ticketing counters, teller stations in a
bank, registration counters in hotels and motels, box office ticket counters,
and other counters that may not have a cash register but at which goods or
services are sold or distributed, either:
(i) a portion of the main counter which is a
minimum of 36 in (915 mm) in length shall be provided with a maximum height of
36 in (915 mm); or
(ii) an auxiliary counter with a maximum height of
36 in (915 mm) in close proximity to the main counter shall be provided;
or
(iii) equivalent facilitation shall be provided
(e.g., at a hotel registration counter, equivalent facilitation might consist
of: (1) provision of a folding shelf attached to the main counter on which an
individual with disabilities can write, and (2) use of the space on the side
of the counter or at the concierge desk, for handing materials back and
forth).
All accessible sales and service counters shall be
on an accessible route complying with 4.3.
(3)* Assistive Listening Devices.
(Reserved)
7.3* Check-out
Aisles.
(1) In new construction, accessible check-out
aisles shall be provided in conformance with the table below:
Total
Check-out
Aisles of Each
Design |
Minimum Number
of
Accessible Check-out Aisles
(of each
design) |
1 - 4
5 - 8
8 - 15
over
15 |
1
2
3
3, plus 20%
of
additional
aisles |
EXCEPTION: In new construction, where the selling
space is under 5000 square feet, only one check-out aisle is required to be
accessible.
EXCEPTION: In alterations, at least one check-out
aisle shall be accessible in facilities under 5000 square feet of selling
space. In facilities of 5000 or more square feet of selling space, at least
one of each design of check-out aisle shall be made accessible when altered
until the number of accessible check-out aisles of each design equals the
number required in new construction.
Examples of check-out aisles of different "design"
include those which are specifically designed to serve different functions.
Different "design" includes but is not limited to the following features -
length of belt or no belt; or permanent signage designating the aisle as an
express lane.
(2) Clear aisle width for accessible check-out
aisles shall comply with 4.2.1 and maximum adjoining counter height shall not
exceed 38 in (965 mm) above the finish floor. The top of the lip shall not
exceed 40 in (1015 mm) above the finish floor.
(3) Signage identifying accessible check-out aisles
shall comply with 4.30.7 and shall be mounted above the check-out aisle in the
same location where the check-out number or type of check-out is
displayed.
7.4 Security Bollards. Any device
used to prevent the removal of shopping carts from store premises shall not
prevent access or egress to people in wheelchairs. An alternate entry that is
equally convenient to that provided for the ambulatory population is
acceptable.
8.
LIBRARIES.
8.1 General. In addition to the
requirements of 4.1 to 4.35, the design of all public areas of a library shall
comply with 8, including reading and study areas, stacks, reference rooms,
reserve areas, and special facilities or collections.
8.2 Reading and Study Areas. At least
5 percent or a minimum of one of each element of fixed seating, tables, or
study carrels shall comply with 4.2 and 4.32. Clearances between fixed
accessible tables and between study carrels shall comply with
4.3.
8.3 Check-Out Areas. At least one
lane at each check-out area shall comply with 7.2(1). Any traffic control or
book security gates or turnstiles shall comply with
4.13.
8.4 Card Catalogs and
Magazine Displays. Minimum clear aisle space at card catalogs and
magazine displays shall comply with Fig. 55. Maximum reach height
shall comply with 4.2, with a height of 48 in (1220 mm) preferred irrespective
of approach allowed.
8.5 Stacks.
Minimum clear aisle width between stacks shall comply with 4.3, with a
minimum clear aisle width of 42 in (1065 mm) preferred where possible. Shelf
height in stack areas is unrestricted (see Fig. 56).
9.
ACCESSIBLE TRANSIENT LODGING.
(1) Except as specified in the special technical
provisions of this section, accessible transient lodging shall comply with the
applicable requirements of 4.1 through 4.35. Transient lodging includes
facilities or portions thereof used for sleeping accommodations, when not
classed as a medical care facility.
9.1 Hotels, Motels, Inns, Boarding Houses,
Dormitories, Resorts and Other Similar Places of Transient
Lodging.
9.1.1 General. All public use and
common use areas are required to be designed and constructed to comply with
section 4 (Accessible Elements and Spaces: Scope and Technical
Requirements).
EXCEPTION: Sections 9.1 through 9.4 do not apply to
an establishment located within a building that contains not more than five
rooms for rent or hire and that is actually occupied by the proprietor of such
establishment as the residence of such proprietor.
9.1.2 Accessible
Units, Sleeping Rooms, and Suites. Accessible sleeping rooms or suites
that comply with the requirements of 9.2 (Requirements for Accessible Units,
Sleeping Rooms, and Suites) shall be provided in conformance with the table
below. In addition, in hotels, of 50 or more sleeping rooms or suites,
additional accessible sleeping rooms or suites that include a roll-in shower
shall also be provided in conformance with the table below. Such
accommodations shall comply with the requirements of 9.2, 4.21, and Figure 57(a) or (b).
|
Number of
Rooms |
Accessible
Rooms |
Rooms with Roll-in
Showers |
1 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 75
76 to
100
101 to 150
151 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 400
401 to
500
501 to 1000
1001 and over
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2% of total
20
plus 1 for each 100 over 1000
|
1
1
2
2
3
4
4,
plus one for each additional 100 over
400
|
9.1.3 Sleeping Accommodations for Persons with
Hearing Impairments. In addition to those accessible sleeping rooms and
suites required by 9.1.2, sleeping rooms and suites that comply with 9.3
(Visual Alarms, Notification Devices, and Telephones) shall be provided in
conformance with the following table:
|
Number of
Elements |
Accessible
Elements |
1 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 75
76 to
100
101 to 150
151 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 400
401 to
500
501 to 1000
1001 and over |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2% of total
20
plus 1 for each 100 over
1000 |
9.1.4 Classes of Sleeping
Accommodations.
(1) In order to provide persons with disabilities a
range of options equivalent to those available to other persons served by the
facility, sleeping rooms and suites required to be accessible by 9.1.2 shall
be dispersed among the various classes of sleeping accommodations available to
patrons of the place of transient lodging. Factors to be considered include
room size, cost, amenities provided, and the number of beds
provided.
(2) Equivalent Facilitation. For purposes of this
section, it shall be deemed equivalent facilitation if the operator of a
facility elects to limit construction of accessible rooms to those intended
for multiple occupancy, provided that such rooms are made available at the
cost of a single occupancy room to an individual with disabilities who
requests a single-occupancy room.
9.1.5. Alterations to Accessible Units,
Sleeping Rooms, and Suites. When sleeping rooms are being altered in
an existing facility, or portion thereof, subject to the requirements of this
section, at least one sleeping room or suite that complies with the
requirements of 9.2 (Requirements for Accessible Units, Sleeping Rooms, and
Suites) shall be provided for each 25 sleeping rooms, or fraction thereof, of
rooms being altered until the number of such rooms provided equals the number
required to be accessible with 9.1.2. In addition, at least one sleeping room
or suite that complies with the requirements of 9.3 (Visual Alarms,
Notification Devices, and Telephones) shall be provided for each 25 sleeping
rooms, or fraction thereof, of rooms being altered until the number of such
rooms equals the number required to be accessible by 9.1.3.
9.2 Requirements for Accessible Units,
Sleeping Rooms and Suites.
9.2.1 General. Units, sleeping rooms,
and suites required to be accessible by 9.1 shall comply with
9.2.
9.2.2 Minimum Requirements. An
accessible unit, sleeping room or suite shall be on an accessible route
complying with 4.3 and have the following accessible elements and
spaces.
(1) Accessible sleeping rooms shall have a 36 in
(915 mm) clear width maneuvering space located along both sides of a bed,
except that where two beds are provided, this requirement can be met by
providing a 36 in (915 mm) wide maneuvering space located between the two
beds.
(2) An accessible route complying with 4.3 shall
connect all accessible spaces and elements, including telephones, within the
unit, sleeping room, or suite. This is not intended to require an elevator in
multi-story units as long as the spaces identified in 9.2.2(6) and (7) are on
accessible levels and the accessible sleeping area is suitable for dual
occupancy.
(3) Doors and doorways designed to allow passage
into and within all sleeping rooms, suites or other covered units shall comply
with 4.13.
(4) If fixed or built-in storage facilities such as
cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers are provided in accessible spaces, at
least one of each type provided shall contain storage space complying with
4.25. Additional storage may be provided outside of the dimensions required by
4.25.
(5) All controls in accessible units, sleeping
rooms, and suites shall comply with 4.27.
(6) Where provided as part of an accessible unit,
sleeping room, or suite, the following spaces shall be accessible and shall be
on an accessible route:
(a) the living area.
(b) the dining area.
(c) at least one sleeping area.
(d) patios, terraces, or balconies.
EXCEPTION: The requirements of 4.13.8 and 4.3.8 do
not apply where it is necessary to utilize a higher door threshold or a change
in level to protect the integrity of the unit from wind/water damage. Where
this exception results in patios, terraces or balconies that are not at an
accessible level, equivalent facilitation shall be provided. (e.g., Equivalent
facilitation at a hotel patio or balcony might consist of providing raised
decking or a ramp to provide accessibility).
(e) at least one full bathroom (i.e., one with a
water closet, a lavatory, and a bathtub or shower).
(f) if only half baths are provided, at least one
half bath. (g) carports, garages or parking spaces.
(7) Kitchens, Kitchenettes, or Wet Bars. When
provided as accessory to a sleeping room or suite, kitchens, kitchenettes, wet
bars, or similar amenities shall be accessible. Clear floor space for a front
or parallel approach to cabinets, counters, sinks, and appliances shall be
provided to comply with 4.2.4. Countertops and sinks shall be mounted at a
maximum height of 34 in (865 mm) above the floor. At least fifty percent of
shelf space in cabinets or refrigerator/freezers shall be within the reach
ranges of 4.2.5 or 4.2.6 and space shall be designed to allow for the
operation of cabinet and/or appliance doors so that all cabinets and
appliances are accessible and usable. Controls and operating mechanisms shall
comply with 4.27.
(8) Sleeping room accommodations for persons with
hearing impairments required by 9.1 and complying with 9.3 shall be provided
in the accessible sleeping room or suite.
9.3 Visual Alarms, Notification Devices and
Telephones.
9.3.1 General. In sleeping rooms
required to comply with this section, auxiliary visual alarms shall be
provided and shall comply with 4.28.4. Visual notification devices shall also
be provided in units, sleeping rooms and suites to alert room occupants of
incoming telephone calls and a door knock or bell. Notification devices shall
not be connected to auxiliary visual alarm signal appliances. Permanently
installed telephones shall have volume controls complying with 4.31.5; an
accessible electrical outlet within 4 ft (1220 mm) of a telephone connection
shall be provided to facilitate the use of a text telephone.
9.3.2 Equivalent Facilitation. For
purposes of this section, equivalent facilitation shall include the
installation of electrical outlets (including outlets connected to a
facility's central alarm system) and telephone wiring in sleeping rooms and
suites to enable persons with hearing impairments to utilize portable visual
alarms and communication devices provided by the operator of the
facility.
9.4 Other Sleeping Rooms and Suites.
Doors and doorways designed to allow passage into and within all sleeping
units or other covered units shall comply with 4.13.5.
9.5 Transient Lodging in Homeless Shelters,
Halfway Houses, Transient Group Homes, and Other Social Service
Establishments.
9.5.1 New Construction. In new
construction all public use and common use areas are required to be designed
and constructed to comply with section 4. At least one of each type of amenity
(such as washers, dryers and similar equipment installed for the use of
occupants) in each common area shall be accessible and shall be located on an
accessible route to any accessible unit or sleeping
accommodation.
EXCEPTION: Where elevators are not provided as
allowed in 4.1.3(5), accessible amenities are not required on inaccessible
floors as long as one of each type is provided in common areas on accessible
floors.
9.5.2
Alterations.
(1) Social service establishments which are not
homeless shelters:
(a) The provisions of 9.5.3 and 9.1.5 shall apply
to sleeping rooms and beds.
(b) Alteration of other areas shall be consistent
with the new construction provisions of 9.5.1.
(2) Homeless shelters. If the following elements
are altered, the following requirements apply:
(a) at least one public entrance shall allow a
person with mobility impairments to approach, enter and exit including a
minimum clear door width of 32 in (815 mm).
(b) sleeping space for homeless persons as provided
in the scoping provisions of 9.1.2 shall include doors to the sleeping area
with a minimum clear width of 32 in (815 mm) and maneuvering space around the
beds for persons with mobility impairments complying with 9.2.2(1).
(c) at least one toilet room for each gender or one
unisex toilet room shall have a minimum clear door width of 32 in (815 mm),
minimum turning space complying with 4.2.3, one water closet complying with
4.16, one lavatory complying with 4.19 and the door shall have a privacy
latch; and, if provided, at least one tub or shower shall comply with 4.20 or
4.21, respectively.
(d) at least one common area which a person with
mobility impairments can approach, enter and exit including a minimum clear
door width of 32 in (815 mm).
(e) at least one route connecting elements (a),
(b), (c) and (d) which a person with mobility impairments can use including
minimum clear width of 36 in (915 mm), passing space complying with 4.3.4,
turning space complying with 4.2.3 and changes in levels complying with
4.3.8.
(f) homeless shelters can comply with the
provisions of (a)-(e) by providing the above elements on one accessible
floor.
9.5.3. Accessible Sleeping Accommodations in
New Construction. Accessible sleeping rooms shall be provided in
conformance with the table in 9.1.2 and shall comply with 9.2 Accessible
Units, Sleeping Rooms and Suites (where the items are provided). Additional
sleeping rooms that comply with 9.3 Sleeping Accommodations for Persons with
Hearing Impairments shall be provided in conformance with the table provided
in 9.1.3.
In facilities with multi-bed rooms or spaces, a
percentage of the beds equal to the table provided in 9.1.2 shall comply with
9.2.2(1).
10
TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
10.1 General. Every station, bus
stop, bus stop pad, terminal, building or other transportation facility, shall
comply with the applicable provisions of 4.1 through 4.35, sections 5 through
9, and the applicable provisions of this section. The exceptions for elevators
in 4.1.3(5) exception 1 and 4.1.6(1)(k) do not apply to a terminal, depot, or
other station used for specified public transportation, or an airport
passenger terminal, or facilities subject to Title II.
10.2 Bus Stops and
Terminals.
10.2.1 New
Construction.
(1) Where new bus stop pads are constructed at bus
stops, bays or other areas where a lift or ramp is to be deployed, they shall
have a firm, stable surface; a minimum clear length of 96 inches (measured
from the curb or vehicle roadway edge) and a minimum clear width of 60 inches
(measured parallel to the vehicle roadway) to the maximum extent allowed by
legal or site constraints; and shall be connected to streets, sidewalks or
pedestrian paths by an accessible route complying with 4.3 and 4.4. The slope
of the pad parallel to the roadway shall, to the extent practicable, be the
same as the roadway. For water drainage, a maximum slope of 1:50 (2%)
perpendicular to the roadway is allowed.
(2) Where provided, new or replaced bus shelters
shall be installed or positioned so as to permit a wheelchair or mobility aid
user to enter from the public way and to reach a location, having a minimum
clear floor area of 30 inches by 48 inches, entirely within the perimeter of
the shelter. Such shelters shall be connected by an accessible route to the
boarding area provided under paragraph (1) of this section.
(3) Where provided, all new bus route
identification signs shall comply with 4.30.5. In addition, to the maximum
extent practicable, all new bus route identification signs shall comply with
4.30.2 and 4.30.3. Signs that are sized to the maximum dimensions permitted
under legitimate local, state or federal regulations or ordinances shall be
considered in compliance with 4.30.2 and 4.30.3 for purposes of this
section.
EXCEPTION: Bus schedules, timetables, or maps that
are posted at the bus stop or bus bay are not required to comply with this
provision.
10.2.2 Bus Stop Siting and
Alterations.
(1) Bus stop sites shall be chosen such that, to
the maximum extent practicable, the areas where lifts or ramps are to be
deployed comply with section 10.2.1(1) and (2).
(2) When new bus route identification signs are
installed or old signs are replaced, they shall comply with the requirements
of 10.2.1(3).
10.3 Fixed Facilities and
Stations.
10.3.1 New Construction. New stations
in rapid rail, light rail, commuter rail, intercity bus, intercity rail, high
speed rail, and other fixed guideway systems (e.g., automated guideway
transit, monorails, etc.) shall comply with the following provisions, as
applicable.
(1) Elements such as ramps, elevators or other
circulation devices, fare vending or other ticketing areas, and fare
collection areas shall be placed to minimize the distance which wheelchair
users and other persons who cannot negotiate steps may have to travel compared
to the general public. The circulation path, including an accessible entrance
and an accessible route, for persons with disabilities shall, to the maximum
extent practicable, coincide with the circulation path for the general public.
Where the circulation path is different, signage complying with 4.30.1,
4.30.2, 4.30.3, 4.30.5, and 4.30.7(1) shall be provided to indicate direction
to and identify the accessible entrance and accessible route.
(2) In lieu of compliance with 4.1.3(8), at least
one entrance to each station shall comply with 4.14, Entrances. If different
entrances to a station serve different transportation fixed routes or groups
of fixed routes, at least one entrance serving each group or route shall
comply with 4.14, Entrances. All accessible entrance shall, to the maximum
extent practicable, coincide with those used by the majority of the general
public.
(3) Direct connections to commercial, retail, or
residential facilities shall have an accessible route complying with 4.3 from
the point of connection to boarding platforms and all transportation system
elements used by the public. Any elements provided to facilitate future direct
connections shall be on an accessible route connecting boarding platforms and
all transportation system elements used by the public.
(4) Where signs are provided at entrances to
stations identifying the station or the entrance, or both, at least one sign
at each entrance shall comply with 4.30.4 and 4.30.6. Such signs shall be
placed in uniform locations at entrances within the transit system to the
maximum extent practicable.
EXCEPTION: Where the station has no defined
entrance, but signage is provided, then the accessible signage shall be placed
in a central location.
(5) Stations covered by this section shall have
identification signs complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5. Signs
shall be placed at frequent intervals and shall be clearly visible from within
the vehicle on both sides when not obstructed by another train. When station
identification signs are placed close to vehicle windows (i.e., on the side
opposite from boarding) each shall have the top of the highest letter or
symbol below the top of the vehicle window and the bottom of the lowest letter
or symbol above the horizontal mid-line of the vehicle window.
(6) Lists of stations, routes, or destinations
served by the station and located on boarding areas, platforms, or mezzanines
shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5. A minimum of one sign
identifying the specific station and complying with 4.30.4 and 4.30.6 shall be
provided on each platform or boarding area. All signs referenced in this
paragraph shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be placed in uniform
locations within the transit system.
(7)* Automatic fare vending, collection and
adjustment (e.g., add-fare) systems shall comply with 4.34.2, 4.34.3, 4.34.4,
and 4.34.5. At each accessible entrance such devices shall be located on an
accessible route. If self-service fare collection devices are provided for the
use of the general public, at least one accessible device for entering, and at
least one for exiting, unless one device serves both functions, shall be
provided at each accessible point of entry or exit. Accessible fare collection
devices shall have a minimum clear opening width of 32 in; shall permit
passage of a wheelchair; and, where provided, coin or card slots and controls
necessary for operation shall comply with 4.27. Gates which must be pushed
open by wheelchair or mobility aid users shall have a smooth continuous
surface extending from 2 inches above the floor to 27 inches above the floor
and shall comply with 4.13. Where the circulation path does not coincide with
that used by the general public, accessible fare collection systems shall be
located at or adjacent to the accessible point of entry or
exit.
(8) Platform edges bordering a drop-off and not
protected by platform screens or guard rails shall have a detectable warning.
Such detectable warnings shall comply with 4.29.2 and shall be 24 inches wide
running the full length of the platform drop-off.
(9) In stations covered by this section,
rail-to-platform height in new stations shall be coordinated with the floor
height of new vehicles so that the vertical difference, measured when the
vehicle is at rest, is within plus or minus 5/8 inch under normal passenger
load conditions. For rapid rail, light rail, commuter rail, high speed rail,
and intercity rail systems in new stations, the horizontal gap, measured when
the new vehicle is at rest, shall be no greater than 3 in. For slow moving
automated guideway "people mover" transit systems, the horizontal gap in new
stations shall be no greater than 1 in.
EXCEPTION 1: Existing vehicles operating in new
stations may have a vertical difference with respect to the new platform
within plus or minus 1-1/2 in.
EXCEPTION 2: In light rail, commuter rail and
intercity rail systems where it is not operationally or structurally feasible
to meet the horizontal gap or vertical difference requirements, mini-high
platforms, car-borne or platform-mounted lifts, ramps or bridge plates, or
similar manually deployed devices, meeting the applicable requirements of 36
C.F.R. part 1192, or 49 C.F.R. part 38 shall suffice.
(10) Stations shall not be designed or constructed
so as to require persons with disabilities to board or alight from a vehicle
at a location other than one used by the general public.
(11) Illumination levels in the areas where signage
is located shall be uniform and shall minimize glare on signs. Lighting along
circulation routes shall be of a type and configuration to provide uniform
illumination.
(12) Text Telephones: The following shall be
provided in accordance with 4.31.9:
(a) If an interior public pay telephone is provided
in a transit facility (as defined by the Department of Transportation) at
least one interior public text telephone shall be provided in the
station.
(b) Where four or more public pay telephones serve
a particular entrance to a rail station and at least one is in an interior
location, at least one interior public text telephone shall be provided to
serve that entrance. Compliance with this section constitutes compliance with
section 4.1.3(17)(c).
(13) Where it is necessary to cross tracks to reach
boarding platforms, the route surface shall be level and flush with the rail
top at the outer edge and between rails, except for a maximum 2-1/2 inch gap
on the inner edge of each rail to permit passage of wheel flanges. Such
crossings shall comply with 4.29.5. Where gap reduction is not practicable, an
above-grade or below-grade accessible route shall be provided.
(14) Where public address systems are provided to
convey information to the public in terminals, stations, or other fixed
facilities, a means of conveying the same or equivalent information to persons
with hearing loss or who are deaf shall be provided.
(15) Where clocks are provided for use by the
general public, the clock face shall be uncluttered so that its elements are
clearly visible. Hands, numerals, and/or digits shall contrast with the
background either light-on-dark or dark-on-light. Where clocks are mounted
overhead, numerals and/or digits shall comply with 4.30.3. Clocks shall be
placed in uniform locations throughout the facility and system to the maximum
extent practicable.
(16) Where provided in below grade stations,
escalators shall have a minimum clear width of 32 inches. At the top and
bottom of each escalator run, at least two contiguous treads shall be level
beyond the comb plate before the risers begin to form. All escalator treads
shall be marked by a strip of clearly contrasting color, 2 inches in width,
placed parallel to and on the nose of each step. The strip shall be of a
material that is at least as slip resistant as the remainder of the tread. The
edge of the tread shall be apparent from both ascending and descending
directions.
(17) Where provided, elevators shall be glazed or
have transparent panels to allow an unobstructed view both in to and out of
the car. Elevators shall comply with 4.10.
EXCEPTION: Elevator cars with a clear floor area in
which a 60 inch diameter circle can be inscribed may be substituted for the
minimum car dimensions of 4.10, Fig. 22.
(18) Where provided, ticketing areas shall permit
persons with disabilities to obtain a ticket and check baggage and shall
comply with 7.2.
(19) Where provided, baggage check-in and retrieval
systems shall be on an accessible route complying with 4.3, and shall have
space immediately adjacent complying with 4.2. If unattended security barriers
are provided, at least one gate shall comply with 4.13. Gates which must be
pushed open by wheelchair or mobility aid users shall have a smooth continuous
surface extending from 2 inches above the floor to 27 inches above the
floor.
10.3.2 Existing Facilities: Key
Stations.
(1) Rapid, light and commuter rail key stations, as
defined under criteria established by the Department of Transportation in
subpart C of 49 CFR part 37 and existing intercity rail stations shall provide
at least one accessible route from an accessible entrance to those areas
necessary for use of the transportation system.
(2) The accessible route required by 10.3.2(1)
shall include the features specified in 10.3.1(1), (4)-(9), (11)-(15), and
(17)-(19).
(3) Where technical infeasability in existing
stations requires the accessible route to lead from the public way to a paid
area of the transit system, an accessible fare collection system, complying
with 10.3.1(7), shall be provided along such accessible route.
(4) In light rail, rapid rail and commuter rail key
stations, the platform or a portion thereof and the vehicle floor shall be
coordinated so that the vertical difference, measured when the vehicle is at
rest, is within plus or minus 1-1/2 inches under all normal passenger load
conditions, and the horizontal gap, measured when the vehicle is at rest, is
no greater than 3 inches for at least one door of each vehicle or car required
to be accessible by 49 CFR part 37.
EXCEPTION 1: Existing vehicles retrofitted to meet
the requirements of 49 CFR 37.93 (one-car-per-train rule) shall be coordinated
with the platform such that, for at least one door, the vertical difference
between the vehicle floor and the platform, measured when the vehicle is at
rest with 50% normal passenger capacity, is within plus or minus 2 inches and
the horizontal gap is no greater than 4 inches.
EXCEPTION 2: Where it is not structurally or
operationally feasible to meet the horizontal gap or vertical difference
requirements, mini-high platforms, car-borne or platform mounted lifts, ramps
or bridge plates, or similar manually deployed devices, meeting the applicable
requirements of 36 CFR part 1192, or 49 CFR part 38, shall
suffice.
(5) New direct connections to commercial, retail,
or residential facilities shall, to the maximum extent feasible, have an
accessible route complying with 4.3 from the point of connection to boarding
platforms and all transportation system elements used by the public. Any
elements provided to facilitate future direct connections shall be on an
accessible route connecting boarding platforms and all transportation system
elements used by the public.
10.3.3 Existing Facilities:
Alterations.
(1) For the purpose of complying with 4.1.6(2)
Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary Function, an area of primary
function shall be as defined by applicable provisions of 49 C.F.R. 37.43(c)
(Department of Transportation's ADA Rule) or 28 C.F.R. 36.403 (Department of
Justice's ADA Rule).
10.4 Airports.
10.4.1 New
Construction.
(1) Elements such as ramps, elevators or other
vertical circulation devices, ticketing areas, security checkpoints, or
passenger waiting areas shall be placed to minimize the distance which
wheelchair users and other persons who cannot negotiate steps may have to
travel compared to the general public.
(2) The circulation path, including an accessible
entrance and an accessible route, for persons with disabilities shall, to the
maximum extent practicable, coincide with the circulation path for the general
public. Where the circulation path is different, directional signage complying
with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3 and 4.30.5 shall be provided which indicates the
location of the nearest accessible entrance and its accessible
route.
(3) Ticketing areas shall permit persons with
disabilities to obtain a ticket and check baggage and shall comply with
7.2.
(4) Where public pay telephones are provided, and
at least one is at an interior location, a public text telephone shall be
provided in compliance with 4.31.9. Additionally, if four or more public pay
telephones are located in any of the following locations, at least one public
text telephone shall also be provided in that location:
(a) a main terminal outside the security
areas;
(b) a concourse within the security areas; or
(c) a baggage claim area in a
terminal.
Compliance with this section constitutes compliance
with section 4.1.3(17)(c).
(5) Baggage check-in and retrieval systems shall be
on an accessible route complying with 4.3, and shall have space immediately
adjacent complying with 4.2.4. If unattended security barriers are provided,
at least one gate shall comply with 4.13. Gates which must be pushed open by
wheelchair or mobility aid users shall have a smooth continuous surface
extending from 2 inches above the floor to 27 inches above the
floor.
(6) Terminal information systems which broadcast
information to the general public through a public address system shall
provide a means to provide the same or equivalent information to persons with
a hearing loss or who are deaf. Such methods may include, but are not limited
to, visual paging systems using video monitors and computer technology. For
persons with certain types of hearing loss such methods may include, but are
not limited to, an assistive listening system complying with
4.33.7.
(7) Where clocks are provided for use by the
general public the clock face shall be uncluttered so that its elements are
clearly visible. Hands, numerals, and/or digits shall contrast with their
background either light-on-dark or dark-on-light. Where clocks are mounted
overhead, numerals and/or digits shall comply with 4.30.3. Clocks shall be
placed in uniform locations throughout the facility to the maximum extent
practicable.
(8) Security Systems. (Reserved).
10.5 Boat and Ferry Docks.
(Reserved).
APPENDIX
This appendix contains materials of an advisory
nature and provides additional information that should help the reader to
understand the minimum requirements of the guidelines or to design buildings
or facilities for greater accessibility. The paragraph numbers correspond to
the sections or paragraphs of the guideline to which the material relates and
are therefore not consecutive (for example, A4.2.1 contains additional
information relevant to 4.2.1). Sections of the guidelines for which
additional material appears in this appendix have been indicated by an
asterisk. Nothing in this appendix shall in any way obviate any obligation to
comply with the requirements of the guidelines itself.
A2.2 Equivalent Facilitation.
Specific examples of equivalent facilitation are found in the following
sections:
4.1.6(3)(c) Elevators in Alterations
4.31.9 Text Telephones
7.2 Sales and Service Counters, Teller Windows,
Information Counters
9.1.4 Classes of Sleeping
Accommodations
9.2.2(6)(d) Requirements for Accessible Units,
Sleeping Rooms, and Suites
A4.1.1
Application.
A4.1.1(3) Areas Used Only by Employees as Work
Areas. Where there are a series of individual work stations of the same type
(e.g., laboratories, service counters, ticket booths), 5%, but not less than
one, of each type of work station should be constructed so that an individual
with disabilities can maneuver within the work stations. Rooms housing
individual offices in a typical office building must meet the requirements of
the guidelines concerning doors, accessible routes, etc. but do not need to
allow for maneuvering space around individual desks. Modifications required to
permit maneuvering within the work area may be accomplished as a reasonable
accommodation to individual employees with disabilities under Title I of the
ADA.
Consideration should also be given to placing
shelves in employee work areas at a convenient height for accessibility or
installing commercially available shelving that is adjustable so that
reasonable accommodations can be made in the future.
If work stations are made accessible they should
comply with the applicable provisions of 4.2 through 4.35.
A4.1.2 Accessible Sites and Exterior
Facilities: New Construction.
A4.1.2(5)(e) Valet Parking. Valet
parking is not always usable by individuals with disabilities. For instance,
an individual may use a type of vehicle controls that render the regular
controls inoperable or the driver's seat in a van may be removed. In these
situations, another person cannot park the vehicle. It is recommended that
some self-parking spaces be provided at valet parking facilities for
individuals whose vehicles cannot be parked by another person and that such
spaces be located on an accessible route to the entrance of the
facility.
A4.1.3 Accessible Buildings: New
Construction.
A4.1.3(5) Only full passenger
elevators are covered by the accessibility provisions of 4.10. Materials and
equipment hoists, freight elevators not intended for passenger use,
dumbwaiters, and construction elevators are not covered by these guidelines.
If a building is exempt from the elevator requirement, it is not necessary to
provide a platform lift or other means of vertical access in lieu of an
elevator.
Under Exception 4, platform lifts are allowed where
existing conditions make it impractical to install a ramp or elevator. Such
conditions generally occur where it is essential to provide access to small
raised or lowered areas where space may not be available for a ramp. Examples
include, but are not limited to, raised pharmacy platforms, commercial offices
raised above a sales floor, or radio and news booths.
A4.1.3(9) Supervised automatic
sprinkler systems have built in signals for monitoring features of the system
such as the opening and closing of water control valves, the power supplies
for needed pumps, water tank levels, and for indicating conditions that will
impair the satisfactory operation of the sprinkler system. Because of these
monitoring features, supervised automatic sprinkler systems have a high level
of satisfactory performance and response to fire
conditions.
A4.1.3(10) If an odd number of
drinking fountains is provided on a floor, the requirement in 4.1.3(10)(b) may
be met by rounding down the odd number to an even number and calculating 50%
of the even number. When more than one drinking fountain on a floor is
required to comply with 4.15, those fountains should be dispersed to allow
wheelchair users convenient access. For example, in a large facility such as a
convention center that has water fountains at several locations on a floor,
the accessible water fountains should be located so that wheelchair users do
not have to travel a greater distance than other people to use a drinking
fountain.
A4.1.3(17)(b) In addition to the
requirements of section 4.1.3(17)(b), the installation of additional volume
controls is encouraged. Volume controls may be installed on any
telephone.
A4.1.3(19)(a) Readily removable or
folding seating units may be installed in lieu of providing an open space for
wheelchair users. Folding seating units are usually two fixed seats that can
be easily folded into a fixed center bar to allow for one or two open spaces
for wheelchair users when necessary. These units are more easily adapted than
removable seats which generally require the seat to be removed in advance by
the facility management.
Either a sign or a marker placed on seating with
removable or folding arm rests is required by this section. Consideration
should be given for ensuring identification of such seats in a darkened
theater. For example, a marker which contrasts (light on dark or dark on
light) and which also reflects light could be placed on the side of such
seating so as to be visible in a lighted auditorium and also to reflect light
from a flashlight.
A4.1.6 Accessible Buildings:
Alterations.
A4.1.6(1)(h) When an entrance is
being altered, it is preferable that those entrances being altered be made
accessible to the extent feasible.
A4.2 Space Allowances and Reach
Ranges.
A4.2.1 Wheelchair Passage
Width.
(1) Space Requirements for Wheelchairs. Many
persons who use wheelchairs need a 30 in (760 mm) clear opening width for
doorways, gates, and the like, when the latter are entered head-on. If the
person is unfamiliar with a building, if competing traffic is heavy, if sudden
or frequent movements are needed, or if the wheelchair must be turned at an
opening, then greater clear widths are needed. For most situations, the
addition of an inch of leeway on either side is sufficient. Thus, a minimum
clear width of 32 in (815 mm) will provide adequate clearance. However, when
an opening or a restriction in a passageway is more than 24 in (610 mm) long,
it is essentially a passageway and must be at least 36 in (915 mm)
wide.
(2) Space Requirements for Use of Walking Aids.
Although people who use walking aids can maneuver through clear width openings
of 32 in (815 mm), they need 36 in (915 mm) wide passageways and walks for
comfortable gaits. Crutch tips, often extending down at a wide angle, are a
hazard in narrow passageways where they might not be seen by other
pedestrians. Thus, the 36 in (915 mm) width provides a safety allowance both
for the person with a disability and for others.
(3) Space Requirements for
Passing. Able-bodied persons in winter clothing, walking straight ahead with
arms swinging, need 32 in (815 mm) of width, which includes 2 in (50 mm) on
either side for sway, and another 1 in (25 mm) tolerance on either side for
clearing nearby objects or other pedestrians. Almost all wheelchair users and
those who use walking aids can also manage within this 32 in (815 mm) width
for short distances. Thus, two streams of traffic can pass in 64 in (1625 mm)
in a comfortable flow. Sixty inches (1525 mm) provides a minimum width for a
somewhat more restricted flow. If the clear width is less than 60 in (1525
mm), two wheelchair users will not be able to pass but will have to seek a
wider place for passing. Forty-eight inches (1220 mm) is the minimum width
needed for an ambulatory person to pass a nonambulatory or semi-ambulatory
person. Within this 48 in (1220 mm) width, the ambulatory person will have to
twist to pass a wheelchair user, a person with a service animal, or a
semi-ambulatory person. There will be little leeway for swaying or missteps
(see Fig. A1).
A4.2.3 Wheelchair
Turning Space.
These guidelines specify a minimum space of
60 in (1525 mm) diameter or a 60 in by 60 in (1525 mm by 1525 mm) T-shaped
space for a pivoting 180-degree turn of a wheelchair. This space is usually
satisfactory for turning around, but many people will not be able to turn
without repeated tries and bumping into surrounding objects. The space shown
in Fig. A2 will allow most
wheelchair users to complete U-turns without difficulty.
A4.2.4 Clear Floor or
Ground Space for Wheelchairs. The wheelchair and user shown in Fig. A3 represent typical
dimensions for a large adult male. The space requirements in this guideline
are based upon maneuvering clearances that will accommodate most wheelchairs.
Fig. A3 provides a uniform reference for design not covered by this
guideline.
A4.2.5 & A4.2.6
Reach. Reach ranges for persons seated in wheelchairs may be further
clarified by Fig. A3(a).
These drawings approximate in the plan view the information shown in Fig. 4, 5, and 6.
A4.3 Accessible
Route.
A4.3.1 General.
(1) Travel Distances. Many people with mobility
impairments can move at only very slow speeds; for many, traveling 200 ft (61
m) could take about 2 minutes. This assumes a rate of about 1.5 ft/s (455
mm/s) on level ground. It also assumes that the traveler would move
continuously. However, on trips over 100 ft (30 m), disabled people are apt to
rest frequently, which substantially increases their trip times. Resting
periods of 2 minutes for every 100 ft (30 m) can be used to estimate travel
times for people with severely limited stamina. In inclement weather, slow
progress and resting can greatly increase a disabled person's exposure to the
elements.
(2) Sites. Level, indirect routes or those with
running slopes lower than 1:20 can sometimes provide more convenience than
direct routes with maximum allowable slopes or with
ramps.
A4.3.10 Egress. Because people with
disabilities may visit, be employed or be a resident in any building,
emergency management plans with specific provisions to ensure their safe
evacuation also play an essential role in fire safety and life
safety.
A4.3.11.3 Stairway Width. A 48 in
(1220 mm) wide exit stairway is needed to allow assisted evacuation (e.g.,
carrying a person in a wheelchair) without encroaching on the exit path for
ambulatory persons.
A4.3.11.4 Two-way Communication. It
is essential that emergency communication not be dependent on voice
communications alone because the safety of people with hearing or speech
impairments could be jeopardized. The visible signal requirement could be
satisfied with something as simple as a button in the area of rescue
assistance that lights, indicating that help is on the way, when the message
is answered at the point of entry.
A4.4 Protruding
Objects.
A4.4.1 General.
Service animals are trained to recognize and avoid hazards. However, most
people with severe impairments of vision use the long cane as an aid to
mobility. The two principal cane techniques are the touch technique, where the
cane arcs from side to side and touches points outside both shoulders; and the
diagonal technique, where the cane is held in a stationary position diagonally
across the body with the cane tip touching or just above the ground at a point
outside one shoulder and the handle or grip extending to a point outside the
other shoulder. The touch technique is used primarily in uncontrolled areas,
while the diagonal technique is used primarily in certain limited, controlled,
and familiar environments. Cane users are often trained to use both
techniques.
Potential hazardous objects are noticed only if
they fall within the detection range of canes (see Fig. A4). Visually impaired
people walking toward an object can detect an overhang if its lowest surface
is not higher than 27 in (685 mm). When walking alongside protruding objects,
they cannot detect overhangs. Since proper cane and service animal techniques
keep people away from the edge of a path or from walls, a slight overhang of
no more than 4 in (100 mm) is not hazardous.
A4.5 Ground and Floor
Surfaces.
A4.5.1 General. People who have
difficulty walking or maintaining balance or who use crutches, canes, or
walkers, and those with restricted gaits are particularly sensitive to
slipping and tripping hazards. For such people, a stable and regular surface
is necessary for safe walking, particularly on stairs. Wheelchairs can be
propelled most easily on surfaces that are hard, stable, and regular. Soft
loose surfaces such as shag carpet, loose sand or gravel, wet clay, and
irregular surfaces such as cobblestones can significantly impede wheelchair
movement.
Slip resistance is based on the frictional force
necessary to keep a shoe heel or crutch tip from slipping on a walking surface
under conditions likely to be found on the surface. While the dynamic
coefficient of friction during walking varies in a complex and non-uniform
way, the static coefficient of friction, which can be measured in several
ways, provides a close approximation of the slip resistance of a surface.
Contrary to popular belief, some slippage is necessary to walking, especially
for persons with restricted gaits; a truly "non-slip" surface could not be
negotiated.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
recommends that walking surfaces have a static coefficient of friction of 0.5.
A research project sponsored by the Architectural and
Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (Access
Board) conducted tests with persons with disabilities and concluded that a
higher coefficient of friction was needed by such persons. A static
coefficient of friction of 0.6 is recommended for accessible routes and 0.8
for ramps.
It is recognized that the coefficient of friction
varies considerably due to the presence of contaminants, water, floor
finishes, and other factors not under the control of the designer or builder
and not subject to design and construction guidelines and that compliance
would be difficult to measure on the building site. Nevertheless, many common
building materials suitable for flooring are now labeled with information on
the static coefficient of friction. While it may not be possible to compare
one product directly with another, or to guarantee a constant measure,
builders and designers are encouraged to specify materials with appropriate
values. As more products include information on slip resistance, improved
uniformity in measurement and specification is likely. The Access Board's
advisory guidelines on Slip Resistant Surfaces provides additional information
on this subject.
Cross slopes on walks and ground or floor surfaces
can cause considerable difficulty in propelling a wheelchair in a straight
line.
A4.5.3 Carpet. Much more needs to be
done in developing both quantitative and qualitative criteria for carpeting
(i.e., problems associated with texture and weave need to be studied).
However, certain functional characteristics are well established. When both
carpet and padding are used, it is desirable to have minimum movement
(preferably none) between the floor and the pad and the pad and the carpet
which would allow the carpet to hump or warp. In heavily trafficked areas, a
thick, soft (plush) pad or cushion, particularly in combination with long
carpet pile, makes it difficult for individuals in wheelchairs and those with
other ambulatory disabilities to get about. Firm carpeting can be achieved
through proper selection and combination of pad and carpet, sometimes with the
elimination of the pad or cushion, and with proper installation. Carpeting
designed with a weave that causes a zig-zag effect when wheeled across is
strongly discouraged.
A4.6 Parking and Passenger Loading
Zones.
A4.6.3 Parking
Spaces. The increasing use of vans with side-mounted lifts or ramps by
persons with disabilities has necessitated some revisions in specifications
for parking spaces and adjacent access aisles. The typical accessible parking
space is 96 in (2440 mm) wide with an adjacent 60 in (1525 mm) access aisle.
However, this aisle does not permit lifts or ramps to be deployed and still
leave room for a person using a wheelchair or other mobility aid to exit the
lift platform or ramp. In tests conducted with actual lift/van/wheelchair
combinations, (under a Board-sponsored Accessible Parking and Loading Zones
Project) researchers found that a space and aisle totaling almost 204 in (5180
mm) wide was needed to deploy a lift and exit conveniently. The "van
accessible" parking space required by these guidelines provides a 96 in (2440
mm) wide space with a 96 in (2440 mm) adjacent access aisle which is just wide
enough to maneuver and exit from a side mounted lift. If a 96 in (2440 mm)
access aisle is placed between two spaces, two "van accessible" spaces are
created. Alternatively, if the wide access aisle is provided at the end of a
row (an area often unused), it may be possible to provide the wide access
aisle without additional space (see Fig. A5(a)).
A sign is needed to alert van users to the presence
of the wider aisle, but the space is not intended to be restricted only to
vans.
"Universal" Parking Space
Design. An alternative to the provision of a percentage of spaces with a wide
aisle, and the associated need to include additional signage, is the use of
what has been called the "universal" parking space design. Under this design,
all accessible spaces are 132 in (3350 mm) wide with a 60 in (1525 mm) access
aisle (see Fig. A5(b)). One
advantage to this design is that no additional signage is needed because all
spaces can accommodate a van with a side-mounted lift or ramp. Also, there is
no competition between cars and vans for spaces since all spaces can
accommodate either. Furthermore, the wider space permits vehicles to park to
one side or the other within the 132 in (3350 mm) space to allow persons to
exit and enter the vehicle on either the driver or passenger side, although,
in some cases, this would require exiting or entering without a marked access
aisle.
An essential consideration for any design is having
the access aisle level with the parking space. Since a person with a
disability, using a lift or ramp, must maneuver within the access aisle, the
aisle cannot include a ramp or sloped area. The access aisle must be connected
to an accessible route to the appropriate accessible entrance of a building or
facility. The parking access aisle must either blend with the accessible route
or have a curb ramp complying with 4.7. Such a curb ramp opening must be
located within the access aisle boundaries, not within the parking space
boundaries. Unfortunately, many facilities are designed with a ramp that is
blocked when any vehicle parks in the accessible space. Also, the required
dimensions of the access aisle cannot be restricted by planters, curbs or
wheel stops.
A4.6.4 Signage. Signs designating
parking places for disabled people can be seen from a driver's seat if the
signs are mounted high enough above the ground and located at the front of a
parking space.
A4.6.5 Vertical Clearance. High-top
vans, which disabled people or transportation services often use, require
higher clearances in parking garages than automobiles.
A4.8 Ramps.
A4.8.1 General. Ramps are essential
for wheelchair users if elevators or lifts are not available to connect
different levels. However, some people who use walking aids have difficulty
with ramps and prefer stairs.
A4.8.2 Slope and Rise. Ramp slopes
between 1:16 and 1:20 are preferred. The ability to manage an incline is
related to both its slope and its length. Wheelchair users with disabilities
affecting their arms or with low stamina have serious difficulty using
inclines. Most ambulatory people and most people who use wheelchairs can
manage a slope of 1:16. Many people cannot manage a slope of 1:12 for 30 ft (9
m).
A4.8.4 Landings. Level landings are
essential toward maintaining an aggregate slope that complies with these
guidelines. A ramp landing that is not level causes individuals using
wheelchairs to tip backward or bottom out when the ramp is
approached.
A4.8.5 Handrails. The requirements
for stair and ramp handrails in this guideline are for adults. When children
are principal users in a building or facility, a second set of handrails at an
appropriate height can assist them and aid in preventing
accidents.
A4.9 Stairs.
A4.9.1 Minimum Number. Only interior
and exterior stairs connecting levels that are not connected by an elevator,
ramp, or other accessible means of vertical access have to comply with
4.9.
A4.10
Elevators.
A4.10.6 Door Protective and Reopening
Device. The required door reopening device would hold the door open
for 20 seconds if the doorway remains obstructed. After 20 seconds, the door
may begin to close. However, if designed in accordance with ASME A17.1-1990,
the door closing movement could still be stopped if a person or object exerts
sufficient force at any point on the door edge.
A4.10.7 Door and Signal Timing for Hall
Calls. This paragraph allows variation in the location of call
buttons, advance time for warning signals, and the door-holding period used to
meet the time requirement.
A4.10.12 Car Controls. Industry-wide
standardization of elevator control panel design would make all elevators
significantly more convenient for use by people with severe visual
impairments. In many cases, it will be possible to locate the highest control
on elevator panels within 48 in (1220 mm) from the
floor.
A4.10.13 Car Position Indicators. A
special button may be provided that would activate the audible signal within
the given elevator only for the desired trip, rather than maintaining the
audible signal in constant operation.
A4.10.14 Emergency Communications. A
device that requires no handset is easier to use by people who have difficulty
reaching. Also, small handles on handset compartment doors are not usable by
people who have difficulty grasping.
Ideally, emergency two-way communication systems
should provide both voice and visual display intercommunication so that
persons with hearing impairments and persons with vision impairments can
receive information regarding the status of a rescue. A voice
intercommunication system cannot be the only means of communication because it
is not accessible to people with speech and hearing impairments. While a voice
intercommunication system is not required, at a minimum, the system should
provide both an audio and visual indication that a rescue is on the
way.
A4.11 Platform Lifts (Wheelchair
Lifts).
A4.11.2 Other Requirements. Inclined
stairway chairlifts, and inclined and vertical platform lifts (wheelchair
lifts) are available for short-distance, vertical transportation of people
with disabilities. Care should be taken in selecting lifts as some lifts are
not equally suitable for use by both wheelchair users and semi-ambulatory
individuals.
A4.12 Windows.
A4.12.1 General. Windows intended to
be operated by occupants in accessible spaces should comply with
4.12.
A4.12.2 Window Hardware. Windows
requiring pushing, pulling, or lifting to open (for example, double-hung,
sliding, or casement and awning units without cranks) should require no more
than 5 lbf (22.2 N) to open or close. Locks, cranks, and other window hardware
should comply with 4.27.
A4.13 Doors.
A4.13.8 Thresholds at Doorways.
Thresholds and surface height changes in doorways are particularly
inconvenient for wheelchair users who also have low stamina or restrictions in
arm movement because complex maneuvering is required to get over the level
change while operating the door.
A4.13.9 Door Hardware. Some disabled
persons must push against a door with their chair or walker to open it.
Applied kickplates on doors with closers can reduce required maintenance by
withstanding abuse from wheelchairs and canes. To be effective, they should
cover the door width, less approximately 2 in (51 mm), up to a height of 16 in
(405 mm) from its bottom edge and be centered across the width of the
door.
A4.13.10 Door Closers. Closers with
delayed action features give a person more time to maneuver through doorways.
They are particularly useful on frequently used interior doors such as
entrances to toilet rooms.
A4.13.11 Door Opening Force. Although
most people with disabilities can exert at least 5 lbf (22.2N), both pushing
and pulling from a stationary position, a few people with severe disabilities
cannot exert 3 lbf (13.13N). Although some people cannot manage the allowable
forces in this guideline and many others have difficulty, door closers must
have certain minimum closing forces to close doors satisfactorily. Forces for
pushing or pulling doors open are measured with a push-pull scale under the
following conditions:
(1) Hinged doors: Force applied perpendicular to
the door at the door opener or 30 in (760 mm) from the hinged side, whichever
is farther from the hinge.
(2) Sliding or folding doors: Force applied
parallel to the door at the door pull or latch.
(3) Application of force: Apply force gradually so
that the applied force does not exceed the resistance of the door. In
high-rise buildings, air-pressure differentials may require a modification of
this specification in order to meet the functional intent.
A4.13.12 Automatic Doors and Power-Assisted
Doors. Sliding automatic doors do not need guard rails and are more
convenient for wheelchair users and visually impaired people to use. If slowly
opening automatic doors can be reactivated before their closing cycle is
completed, they will be more convenient in busy
doorways.
A4.15 Drinking Fountains and Water
Coolers.
A4.15.2 Spout Height. Two drinking
fountains, mounted side by side or on a single post, are usable by people with
disabilities and people who find it difficult to bend
over.
A4.16 Water
Closets.
A4.16.3 Height. Height preferences
for toilet seats vary considerably among disabled people. Higher seat heights
may be an advantage to some ambulatory disabled people, but are often a
disadvantage for wheelchair users and others. Toilet seats 18 in (455 mm) high
seem to be a reasonable compromise. Thick seats and filler rings are available
to adapt standard fixtures to these requirements.
A4.16.4 Grab Bars.
Fig. A6(a) and (b) show
the diagonal and side approaches most commonly used to transfer from a
wheelchair to a water closet. Some wheelchair users can transfer from the
front of the toilet while others use a 90-degree approach. Most people who use
the two additional approaches can also use either the diagonal approach or the
side approach.
A4.16.5 Flush Controls. Flush valves
and related plumbing can be located behind walls or to the side of the toilet,
or a toilet seat lid can be provided if plumbing fittings are directly behind
the toilet seat. Such designs reduce the chance of injury and imbalance caused
by leaning back against the fittings. Flush controls for tank-type toilets
have a standardized mounting location on the left side of the tank (facing the
tank). Tanks can be obtained by special order with controls mounted on the
right side. If administrative authorities require flush controls for flush
valves to be located in a position that conflicts with the location of the
rear grab bar, then that bar may be split or shifted toward the wide side of
the toilet area.
A4.17 Toilet
Stalls.
A4.17.3 Size and Arrangement. This
section requires use of the 60 in (1525 mm) standard stall (Figure 30(a)) and permits the
36 in (915 mm) or 48 in (1220 mm) wide alternate stall (Figure 30(b)) only in
alterations where provision of the standard stall is technically infeasible or
where local plumbing codes prohibit reduction in the number of fixtures. A
standard stall provides a clear space on one side of the water closet to
enable persons who use wheelchairs to perform a side or diagonal transfer from
the wheelchair to the water closet. However, some persons with disabilities
who use mobility aids such as walkers, canes or crutches are better able to
use the two parallel grab bars in the 36 in (915 mm) wide alternate stall to
achieve a standing position.
In large toilet rooms, where six or more toilet
stalls are provided, it is therefore required that a 36 in (915 mm) wide stall
with parallel grab bars be provided in addition to the standard stall
required in new construction. The 36 in (915 mm) width is necessary to achieve
proper use of the grab bars; wider stalls would position the grab bars too far
apart to be easily used and narrower stalls would position the grab bars too
close to the water closet. Since the stall is primarily intended for use by
persons using canes, crutches and walkers, rather than wheelchairs, the length
of the stall could be conventional. The door, however, must swing outward to
ensure a usable space for people who use crutches or
walkers.
A4.17.5 Doors. To make it easier for
wheelchair users to close toilet stall doors, doors can be provided with
closers, spring hinges, or a pull bar mounted on the inside surface of the
door near the hinge side.
A4.19 Lavatories and
Mirrors.
A4.19.6 Mirrors. If mirrors are to be
used by both ambulatory people and wheelchair users, then they must be at
least 74 in (1880 mm) high at their topmost edge. A single full length mirror
can accommodate all people, including children.
A4.21 Shower
Stalls.
A4.21.1 General. Shower stalls that
are 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm) wide provide additional safety to people
who have difficulty maintaining balance because all grab bars and walls are
within easy reach. Seated people use the walls of 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by
915 mm) showers for back support. Shower stalls that are 60 in (1525 mm) wide
and have no curb may increase usability of a bathroom by wheelchair users
because the shower area provides additional maneuvering
space.
A4.22 Toilet
Rooms.
A4.22.3 Clear Floor Space. In many
small facilities, single-user restrooms may be the only facilities provided
for all building users. In addition, the guidelines allow the use of "unisex"
or "family" accessible toilet rooms in alterations when technical
infeasibility can be demonstrated. Experience has shown that the provision of
accessible "unisex" or single-user restrooms is a reasonable way to provide
access for wheelchair users and any attendants, especially when attendants are
of the opposite sex. Since these facilities have proven so useful, it is often
considered advantageous to install a "unisex" toilet room in new facilities in
addition to making the multi-stall restrooms accessible, especially in
shopping malls, large auditoriums, and convention centers.
Figure
28 (section 4.16) provides minimum clear floor space dimensions for
toilets in accessible "unisex" toilet rooms. The dotted lines designate the
minimum clear floor space, depending on the direction of approach, required
for wheelchair users to transfer onto the water closet. The dimensions of 48
in (1220 mm) and 60 in (1525 mm), respectively, correspond to the space
required for the two common transfer approaches utilized by wheelchair users
(see Fig. A6). It is
important to keep in mind that the placement of the lavatory to the immediate
side of the water closet will preclude the side approach transfer illustrated
in Figure A6(b). To
accommodate the side transfer, the space adjacent to the water closet must
remain clear of obstruction for 42 in (1065 mm) from the centerline of the
toilet (Figure 28) and the
lavatory must not be located within this clear space. A turning circle or
T-turn, the clear floor space at the lavatory, and maneuvering space at the
door must be considered when determining the possible wall locations. A
privacy latch or other accessible means of ensuring privacy during use should
be provided at the door.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. In new construction, accessible single-user
restrooms may be desirable in some situations because they can accommodate a
wide variety of building users. However, they cannot be used in lieu of making
the multi-stall toilet rooms accessible as required.
2. Where strict compliance to the guidelines for
accessible toilet facilities is technically infeasible in the alteration of
existing facilities, accessible "unisex" toilets are a reasonable
alternative.
3. In designing accessible single-user restrooms,
the provisions of adequate space to allow a side transfer will provide
accommodation to the largest number of wheelchair users.
A4.23 Bathrooms, Bathing Facilities, and
Shower Rooms.
A4.23.3 Clear Floor
Space. Figure A7
shows two possible configurations of a toilet room with a roll-in shower. The
specific shower shown is designed to fit exactly within the dimensions of a
standard bathtub. Since the shower does not have a lip, the floor space can be
used for required maneuvering space. This would permit a toilet room to be
smaller than would be permitted with a bathtub and still provide enough floor
space to be considered accessible. This design can provide accessibility in
facilities where space is at a premium (i.e., hotels and medical care
facilities). The alternate roll-in shower (Fig. 57b) also provides
sufficient room for the "T-turn" and does not require plumbing to be on more
than one wall.
A4.23.9 Medicine Cabinets. Other
alternatives for storing medical and personal care items are very useful to
disabled people. Shelves, drawers, and floor-mounted cabinets can be provided
within the reach ranges of disabled people.
A4.26 Handrails, Grab Bars, and Tub and
Shower Seats.
A4.26.1 General. Many disabled people
rely heavily upon grab bars and handrails to maintain balance and prevent
serious falls. Many people brace their forearms between supports and walls to
give them more leverage and stability in maintaining balance or for lifting.
The grab bar clearance of 1-1/2 in (38 mm) required in this guideline is a
safety clearance to prevent injuries resulting from arms slipping through the
openings. It also provides adequate gripping room.
A4.26.2 Size and Spacing of Grab Bars and
Handrails. This specification allows for alternate shapes of handrails
as long as they allow an opposing grip similar to that provided by a circular
section of 1-1/4 in to 1-1/2 in (32 mm to 38 mm).
A4.27 Controls and Operating
Mechanisms.
A4.27.3 Height.
Fig. A8 further illustrates mandatory and advisory control mounting
height provisions for typical equipment.
Electrical receptacles installed to serve
individual appliances and not intended for regular or frequent use by building
occupants are not required to be mounted within the specified reach ranges.
Examples would be receptacles installed specifically for wall-mounted clocks,
refrigerators, and microwave ovens.
A4.28 Alarms.
A4.28.2 Audible Alarms. Audible
emergency signals must have an intensity and frequency that can attract the
attention of individuals who have partial hearing loss. People over 60 years
of age generally have difficulty perceiving frequencies higher than 10,000 Hz.
An alarm signal which has a periodic element to its signal, such as single
stroke bells (clang-pause-clang- pause), hi-low (up-down-up-down) and fast
whoop (on-off-on-off) are best. Avoid continuous or reverberating tones.
Select a signal which has a sound characterized by three or four clear tones
without a great deal of "noise" in between.
A4.28.3 Visual Alarms. The
specifications in this section do not preclude the use of zoned or coded alarm
systems.
A4.28.4 Auxiliary Alarms. Locating
visual emergency alarms in rooms where persons who are deaf may work or reside
alone can ensure that they will always be warned when an emergency alarm is
activated. To be effective, such devices must be located and oriented so that
they will spread signals and reflections throughout a space or raise the
overall light level sharply. However, visual alarms alone are not necessarily
the best means to alert sleepers. A study conducted by Underwriters Laboratory
(UL) concluded that a flashing light more than seven times brighter was
required (110 candela v. 15 candela, at the same distance) to awaken sleepers
as was needed to alert awake subjects in a normal daytime illuminated
room.
For hotel and other rooms where people are likely
to be asleep, a signal-activated vibrator placed between mattress and box
spring or under a pillow was found by UL to be much more effective in alerting
sleepers. Many readily available devices are sound-activated so that they
could respond to an alarm clock, clock radio, wake-up telephone call or room
smoke detector. Activation by a building alarm system can either be
accomplished by a separate circuit activating an auditory alarm which would,
in turn, trigger the vibrator or by a signal transmitted through the ordinary
110-volt outlet. Transmission of signals through the power line is relatively
simple and is the basis of common, inexpensive remote light control systems
sold in many department and electronic stores for home use. So-called
"wireless" intercoms operate on the same principal.
A4.29 Detectable
Warnings.
A4.29.2 Detectable Warnings on Walking
Surfaces. The material used to provide contrast should contrast by at
least 70%.
Contrast in percent is determined
by:
Contrast = [(B1 - B2)/B1] x 100
where B1 = light reflectance value (LRV) of the
lighter area and B2 = light reflectance value (LRV) of the darker
area.
Note that in any application both white and black
are never absolute; thus, B1 never equals 100 and B2 is always greater than
0.
A4.30 Signage.
A4.30.1 General. In building
complexes where finding locations independently on a routine basis may be a
necessity (for example, college campuses), tactile maps or prerecorded
instructions can be very helpful to visually impaired people. Several maps and
auditory instructions have been developed and tested for specific
applications. The type of map or instructions used must be based on the
information to be communicated, which depends highly on the type of buildings
or users.
Landmarks that can easily be distinguished by
visually impaired individuals are useful as orientation cues. Such cues
include changes in illumination level, bright colors, unique patterns, wall
murals, location of special equipment or other architectural
features.
Many people with disabilities have limitations in
movement of their heads and reduced peripheral vision. Thus, signage
positioned perpendicular to the path of travel is easiest for them to notice.
People can generally distinguish signage within an angle of 30 degrees to
either side of the centerlines of their faces without moving their
heads.
A4.30.2 Character Proportion. The
legibility of printed characters is a function of the viewing distance,
character height, the ratio of the stroke width to the height of the
character, the contrast of color between character and background, and print
font. The size of characters must be based upon the intended viewing distance.
A severely nearsighted person may have to be much closer to recognize a
character of a given size than a person with normal visual
acuity.
A4.30.4 Raised and Brailled Characters and
Pictorial Symbol Signs (Pictograms). The standard dimensions for
literary Braille are as follows:
Dot diameter .059 in.
Inter-dot spacing .090 in.
Horizontal separation between cells .241 in.
Vertical separation between cells .395
in.
Raised borders around signs containing raised
characters may make them confusing to read unless the border is set far away
from the characters. Accessible signage with descriptive materials about
public buildings, monuments, and objects of cultural interest may not provide
sufficiently detailed and meaningful information. Interpretive guides, audio
tape devices, or other methods may be more effective in presenting such
information.
A4.30.5 Finish and Contrast. An
eggshell finish (11 to 19 degree gloss on 60 degree glossimeter) is
recommended. Research indicates that signs are more legible for persons with
low vision when characters contrast with their background by at least 70
percent. Contrast in percent shall be determined by:
Contrast = [(B1 - B2)/B1] x 100
where B1 = light reflectance value (LRV) of the
lighter area and B2 = light reflectance value (LRV) of the darker
area.
Note that in any application both white and black
are never absolute; thus, B1 never equals 100 and B2 is always greater than
0.
The greatest readability is usually achieved
through the use of light-colored characters or symbols on a dark
background.
A4.30.7 Symbols of Accessibility for
Different Types of Listening Systems. Paragraph 4 of this section
requires signage indicating the availability of an assistive listening system.
An appropriate message should be displayed with the international symbol of
access for hearing loss since this symbol conveys general accessibility for
people with hearing loss. Some suggestions are:
INFRARED
ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEM
AVAILABLE
----PLEASE ASK----
AUDIO LOOP IN USE
TURN T-SWITCH FOR
BETTER HEARING
----OR ASK FOR HELP----
FM
ASSISTIVE LISTENING
SYSTEM AVAILABLE
----PLEASE ASK----
The symbol may be used to notify persons of the
availability of other auxiliary aids and services such as: real time
captioning, captioned note taking, sign language interpreters, and oral
interpreters.
A4.30.8 Illumination Levels.
Illumination levels on the sign surface shall be in the 100 to 300 lux
range (10 to 30 footcandles) and shall be uniform over the sign surface. Signs
shall be located such that the illumination level on the surface of the sign
is not significantly exceeded by the ambient light or visible bright lighting
source behind or in front of the sign.
A4.31 Telephones.
A4.31.3 Mounting Height. In
localities where the dial-tone first system is in operation, calls can be
placed at a coin telephone through the operator without inserting coins. The
operator button is located at a height of 46 in (1170 mm) if the coin slot of
the telephone is at 54 in (1370 mm). A generally available public telephone
with a coin slot mounted lower on the equipment would allow universal
installation of telephones at a height of 48 in (1220 mm) or less to all
operable parts.
A4.31.9 Text Telephones. A public
text telephone may be an integrated text telephone pay phone unit or a
conventional portable text telephone that is permanently affixed within, or
adjacent to, the telephone enclosure. In order to be usable with a pay phone,
a text telephone which is not a single integrated text telephone pay phone
unit will require a shelf large enough (10 in (255mm) wide by 10 in (255 mm)
deep with a 6 in (150 mm) vertical clearance minimum) to accommodate the
device, an electrical outlet, and a power cord. Movable or portable text
telephones may be used to provide equivalent facilitation. A text telephone
should be readily available so that a person using it may access the text
telephone easily and conveniently. As currently designed pocket-type text
telephones for personal use do not accommodate a wide range of users. Such
devices would not be considered substantially equivalent to conventional text
telephones. However, in the future as technology develops this could
change.
A4.32 Fixed or Built-in Seating and
Tables.
A4.32.4 Height of Tables or Counters.
Different types of work require different table or counter heights for
comfort and optimal performance. Light detailed work such as writing requires
a table or counter close to elbow height for a standing person. Heavy manual
work such as rolling dough requires a counter or table height about 10 in (255
mm) below elbow height for a standing person. This principle of high/low table
or counter heights also applies for seated persons; however, the limiting
condition for seated manual work is clearance under the table or
counter.
Table A1 shows convenient counter heights for
seated persons. The great variety of heights for comfort and optimal
performance indicates a need for alternatives or a compromise in height if
people who stand and people who sit will be using the same counter
area.
TABLE A1 CONVENIENT HEIGHTS OF TABLES AND
COUNTERS FOR SEATED PEOPLE1
|
CONDITIONS OF
USE |
SHORT
WOMEN |
TALL
MEN |
Seated in a
wheelchair:
Manual work-
Desk or removable
armrests
|
26
|
660 |
30 |
760 |
Fixed, full-size
armrests2
|
323
|
815
|
323
|
815
|
Light, detailed work:
Desk
or removable armrests
|
29
|
735
|
34
|
865
|
Fixed, full-size
armrests2
|
323
|
815
|
34
|
865
|
Seated in a 16 in (405
mm)
High chair:
Manual work
|
26
|
660
|
27
|
685
|
| Light, detailed work |
28 |
710 |
31 |
785 |
