I have mounted various cabinets and shelves onto cinder block walls using concrete screws. The most noted brand is Topcon. They install using a concrete drill (it is best to use a hammer drill, but a regular drill will work) and are then screwed into the hole. They offer 2 types, hex head or Phillips. I have always used the hex head as the Phillips has a fluted type head that I felt would split the cabinets under weight. I also use washers to further spread the bearing surface of the screw.

I feel that the purpose of the screws is two fold. First there is ability to pull the cabinets tight to the wall. The screws do this as good, or better, than other methods. Second, there is the shear strength of the fastener itself. I would look to the specifications of whatever you use to determine the correct number of fasteners.